The whorled sunflower, Helianthus verticillatus Small, is a rare and federally endangered plant ( U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2014 ) found in only a few locations in the southern United States. This plant was described in 1892 by Samuel Bain
There are more than 50 wild Helianthus species ( Schilling 2006 ; Seiler et al. 2018 ) of which, H. verticillatus Small, the whorled sunflower, is a perennial species and was listed as critically endangered in 2014 (US Fish and Wildlife
outer whorl (or middle-whorl) was selected ( Fig. 2C and D ), and the average of the three ray florets was calculated as the representative of the outer whorl (or middle-whorl). The entire whorl of the chrysanthemum was measured if it had only one or two
the door of the Pisa Cathedral (Italy) along with tomato ( Fig. 8 ). Interestingly, except for one dubious image based on a spinning whorl ( McMeekin, 1992 ), no clear pre-Columbian images of tomato have been found. An early painting of tomato ( Fig. 9
1 unit or when the level of the solution dropped (at least one change per week). Chlorophyll analysis. Weekly, one fully expanded leaf starting from the first pair down from the terminal whorl was sampled for chlorophyll determination, which was done
), muskmelon ( Cucumis melo ), onion ( Allium cepa ), sunflower ( Helianthus annuus ), and woody ornamental plants ( Bhowmik and McGlew 1986 ; Fretz and Sheppard 1980 ; Ramalingam et al. 2013 ; Richardson and Zandastra 2009 ; Sikkema et al. 2006 ). Previous
‘Katz Lavender Blue’), zinnia ( Zinnia elegans ‘Benary Giant Scarlet’), dahlia ( Dahlia × hybrida ‘Karma Thalia Dark Fuschia’), lisianthus (Eustoma russellianum ‘Mariachi Blue’), and sunflower ( Helianthus annuus ‘Sunrich Yellow’ and ‘Premier Lemon
.0% colchicine were applied twice daily (0800 hr , 1600 hr ) directly to the meristematic whorl of each plantlet for 3 d. Plants used for cytological examination were grown in sand under ambient light conditions in the greenhouses at North Carolina State