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. Results and Discussion Thorough visual inspection of Cycas revoluta cataphylls before removal of tomentum revealed no apparent presence of CAS ( Fig. 1C ). After removal of tomentum, heavy CAS density was observed on underlying cataphyll surfaces of
Ninety hazelnut (Corylus sp.) genotypes were surveyed for response to the eastern filbert blight pathogen [Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller] following greenhouse inoculation using a combination of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and visual inspection for cankers. Most were cultivars of the European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) and a few were interspecific hybrids. Six genotypes did not display signs of the pathogen or symptoms of disease: `Closca Molla', `Ratoli', `Yoder #5', `Potomac', `Medium Long', and `Grand Traverse'. `Closca Molla' and `Ratoli', both minor Spanish cultivars, are superior in many respects to `Gasaway', which has been extensively used as a completely resistant parent in breeding. `Potomac' and `Yoder #5' have C. americana Marsh. in their pedigrees, `Grand Traverse' is one-quarter C. colurna, and the origin of `Medium Long' is uncertain. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker generated by primer UBC 152, which is linked to the single dominant resistance gene of `Gasaway', is absent in these six genotypes, and thus they appear to be novel sources of genetic resistance to this devastating disease.
A diverse collection of 58 hazelnut accessions, including Corylus avellana L. and interspecific hybrids, were evaluated for their response to the eastern filbert blight pathogen Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller after greenhouse inoculation. Evaluations were made using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and visual inspection. Forty-five of these became infected, 12 remained free of infection, and one gave inconclusive results. The 12 accessions showing complete resistance were European hazelnuts ‘Culpla’ from Spain and CCOR 187 from Finland; C. americana × C. avellana hybrids ‘G081S’, CCOR 506, and Weschcke selections TP1, TP2 and TP3; C. colurna × C. avellana hybrids Chinese Trazels Gellatly #6 and #11; Turkish Trazel Gellatly #3 and backcross hybrid ‘Lisa’; and C. heterophylla var. sutchuensis × C. avellana hybrid ‘Estrella #1’. In a second test, exposure of potted trees under structures topped with diseased wood confirmed the complete resistance of ‘Santiam’, four pollinizers, and ‘Ratoli’. However, a few small cankers were observed on ‘Closca Molla’ from Spain and OSU 729.012, with resistance from C. californica (A.DC.) Rose, in contrast to the results of earlier greenhouse inoculations.
Abstract
Sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) seedlings grown in pots in a greenhouse had 1.8 times as much rubidium in the leaves when larvae of Diaprepes abbreviatus L., the West Indian sugarcane rootstalk borer, were feeding on their roots than weevil-free control trees. Manually inflicted damage to the roots simulating weevil damage had a similar effect. Rubidium uptake could be used to detect root damage as a nondestructive substitute for visual inspection of the roots.
.2P–11.6K) 1 week before treatments began. Salinity treatments. During 2003, individual plants were watered with treatment solutions as needed by visual inspection and pot weight. Starting in 2004, a 12-cm-long soil moisture probe (HydroSense
for Mediterranean [ Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)], melon [ Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillet)], and oriental fruit flies [ Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)] ( Armstrong, 1983 , 2001 ). However, quarantine inspections for the presence of regulated
‘Honeycrisp’. The determination of apple blush coverage has conventionally been conducted by trained viewers who rely on visual inspection and expert judgment to compare candidate apples with reference color visual aids defining blush for particular apple
against fruit flies and many other pests ( Hallman, 2001 ). The USDA's Animal Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) allows export of dragon fruit from Hawaii after irradiation with a 400-Gy dose or after irradiation with a 150-Gy dose and inspection for
branches per shoot. Diseases and Pests ‘SJM44’ is resistant to woolly apple aphid ( Erisoma lanigerum Hausmann; based on visual observation since 1974 in stool bed). It has similar or lower susceptibility to two races of Erwinia amylovora
of markers, along with the LOD score to assess the strength of linkage, can be displayed compactly in a single plot ( Fig. 2 ). This allows quick visual inspection of patterns, to locate obvious anomalies. For instance, chr N7 has high linkage among