in Fall 2016. Equipment should be selected based on price and irrigation efficiency to reduce the amount of water used. Irrigation equipment did not impact okra morphological attributes or total and marketable yields, indicating that the same
This paper compares the use of slope-based and ratio-based approaches to evaluate CO 2 assimilation. Mathematical principles inherent in any ratio-based efficiency assessment ( Atchley et al., 1976 ; Packard and Boardman, 1988 ; Pearson, 1897
different cultivars. Because no differences among cultivars were detected in the slopes of the response of fruit size or yield efficiency to crop load, differences between cultivars in potential fruit size and yield efficiency could be explained by ANCOVA
alternate measure to traditional ratio-based photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE) evaluations. Slope-based approaches for evaluating PNUE have also been used by other plant researchers to avoid biases in ratio-based expressions ( Meinzer and Zhu, 1998
from fertilizer (fertilizer-derived nutrient/total nutrient content), yield efficiency (yield/trunk cross-sectional area), canopy efficiency (yield/canopy area), CO 2 assimilation (CO 2 /leaf area), and so on, are examples of commonly used ratio-based
supplying time. Overall, this analysis indicated that the sloping line and circular trajectories are optimal for the high supplying success rate and less supplying time. For avoiding mechanical vibration of the supplying device, and achieving high efficiency
importance of vegetation on erosion control and slope consolidation is widely documented. In general, vegetation stabilizes slopes ( Cazzuffi and Tironi, 2003 ; Macdonald and Witek, 1994 ; Stokes et al., 2009 ). The protective role of vegetation can be
to maximize the irrigation efficiency and to minimize water loss. Irrigation efficiency is a measure of 1) the effectiveness of an irrigation system in delivering water to a crop; 2) the effectiveness of irrigation in increasing crop yields; and 3
·cm −2 TCA) as well as CSA (kg·m −2 CSA). Efficiency values based on TCA were calculated in each season using the corresponding trunk measurements for that season as well as for cumulative 4-year yield. An overall yield efficiency value was also
). Based on acetocarmine staining, F 1 hybrids had 65% to 88% stainable pollen, which was slightly lower than that of the parents, which had 90% to 99% stainable pollen ( van Laere et al., 2009 ); however, the in vivo pollination success rate and male