The Chilean genus Leucocoryne has exceptional qualities as an ornamental plant that is being developed through breeding. Little is known about the origin of its genetic variation for flower phenotype. Our hypothesis is that, despite having a perfect flower, Leucocoryne has an outbreeding behavior due to self-incompatibility. Greenhouse studies were conducted to study self-incompatibility. In 2000, one species L. purpurea Gay. and two distinct populations Leucocoryne sp. Pichicuy and Leucocoryne sp. Chigualoco were used, whereas in 2001, L. coquimbensis F. Phil. and Leucocoryne sp. Alcones and Leucocoryne sp. Talinay were added. Field studies were carried out in 2001 at La Campana (lat. 29°S, Valparaíso Region, Chile) and Bosque de Fray Jorge (lat. 33°S, Coquimbo Region, Chile) National Parks with L. ixioides Lindley and L. purpurea, respectively. The index of self-genetic incompatibility (ISI) was measured as the average number of seeds per fruit produced by self-pollination divided by the average number of seeds per fruit produced from cross-pollination. The average ISI values for 2000 and 2001 were 0.08 and 0.06, respectively, meaning that Leucocoryne is largely self-incompatible. In the field seed set was compared between flowers that were isolated from insects and those that were not. None of the isolated flowers produced seeds, instead nonisolated flowers produced an average of 29 seeds per fruit at La Campana and 56 at Bosque de Fray Jorge. Leucocoryne's self-incompatibility and outcrossing behavior plus its capacity to fix any genotype via asexual reproduction, most likely contribute to its large variation for flower color, shape, size, design, and aroma. Due to Leucocoryne's reproductive behavior it would be difficult to breed for homozygous inbreds and pure hybrid cultivars
strong. One reason for trait variability in seed-produced cultivars could be the inbreeding barriers that exist in Echinacea germplasm ( Ault, 2006 ). Although poorly understood in Echinacea , one such barrier is assumed to be self-incompatibility (SI
Self-fruitfulness, defined as the capacity of a cultivar to set fruit under self-pollination, has long attracted the interest of pear researchers and growers, because it determines to what extent pollination can be a limiting factor for an
Although self-compatibility was discovered in almond as early as 1945 ( Almeida, 1945 ), no attention was paid to the issue until the 1970s. The importance of self-compatibility in almond-growing and in breeding for new self-compatible cultivars
. Self-sterility is a common reproductive phenomenon in plants. It describes the reduction in seed set following selfing relative to that following outcrossing and is widely distributed among flowering plants ( Mahy and Jacquemart, 1999 ). Self
Highbush blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivars are considered, in general, to be adequately self-fertile/self-fruitful ( Merrill, 1936 ); however, numerous studies have demonstrated the value of cross-pollination to fruit set, fruit size
, tetraploid, and hexaploid species exist within several sections of the genus. In section Cyanococcus L., which includes the cultivated blueberries, partial to complete self-incompatibility and interfertility between homoploid species has allowed formation
Ram and Sett, 1982 ). Masculinization of female plants can be accomplished using foliar sprays of silver thiosulfate ( Lubell and Brand, 2018 ). Based on statements from hemp growers and extension educators, seed producers may implement selfing
Low seed set has been reported following self-pollinations of flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.). The objective of this study was to verify the presence of self-incompatibility in C. florida. `Cherokee Princess' stigmas and styles were collected 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after cross- and self-pollinations, stained with aniline blue and observed using a fluorescence microscope. Pollen germinated freely following self-pollinations, but self-pollen tubes grew slower than those resulting from cross-pollinations. By 48 hours after cross-pollination, pollen tubes had reached the bottom of the style while pollen tubes in self-pollinated flowers had only penetrated the upper third of the style. Evidence of reduced pollen tube growth rate in self-pollinations of `Cherokee Chief' and `Cherokee Brave' was also obtained. This study provides evidence of a gametophytic self-incompatibity system in C. florida. It was also determined that stigmas of C. florida `Cherokee Princess' are receptive to pollen from 1 day prior to anthesis to 1 day after anthesis.
required to improve our understanding of behavioral differences between self users and gift users in the floral market. This study is designed to fill that void. Consumer purchase outcome is viewed as a consequence of choice, and there is a complex decision