, is a metric used to describe the ratio of the morphological benefit to metabolic cost in root system development ( Eissenstat, 1992 ). An increase in SRL, in relation to a reduction of root diameter, has been observed as a response to low P ( Christy
system morphology as it relates to resource uptake and use efficiency. Root morphologic and architectural traits such as diameter, length, and spatial distribution all affect water uptake ( Comas et al., 2013 ; Ho et al., 2005 ; Mickelbart et al., 2015
and root system matrix within containers is a heterogeneous volume that provides a means to compare species differences in root morphology. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between root occupation within the soil volume and
sustainable intensification of agricultural production; consequently, research in this area has become more important ( Gewin, 2010 ; Gregory et al., 2013 ). The results of recent studies on the morphological characteristics of root systems have provided
, and 190 by treatments. Discussion Root morphological characteristics are associated with root function ( Alameda and Villar, 2012 ; Perrig et al., 2007 ; Rao et al., 2016 ; Tian et al., 2014 ). Well-developed and well-structured root systems are
constitutive rootstock effect on growth and yield. Many of the commercially available rootstocks, including those shown to improve water use efficiency, have significantly different root system morphologies ( Suchoff et al., 2017 ). Whether these rootstocks
properties Physical properties of substrates known to affect roots include Ea, Pv, total porosity (E), percentage of fine (<0.5 mm) particles, and bulk density (D b ). These properties interact to influence the growth, function, and morphology of root systems
root pattern and the growth medium during tensile testing. It is considered that the root’s ability to retain the culture medium varied depending on the morphology of the root system. The roots of the seedlings grown under red light were more
, would enable researchers to study growth of whole mature root systems as they develop. Understanding the effects of environmental factors and cultural practices on root growth of mature plants would be of great benefit for applied and fundamental goals