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available on the chemical and physical properties of DFB as it pertains to use as a container substrate. Most literature on this subject refers to the chemical properties of soluble components extracted for pulpwood or other industrial chemical purposes
1970s, with increasing acceptance due to its availability, favorable physical properties, and lack of detrimental chemical constituents when used to grow container crops. The harvesting, dilution or contamination with wood from other species, lumber
objective was to determine the influence of substituting PB at commercial nursery operations with commercially harvested and processed PW on substrate physical properties. Materials and Methods Chipped pine ( Pinus taeda ) logs, including bark and wood but
The physical properties of container-growing substrates, particularly air space, container capacity, and bulk density, have a significant impact on plant growth, and knowledge of these properties is essential in properly managing nursery
physical and chemical properties as required by the specific crop and cultural conditions ( Bunt, 1988 ). One of the most common materials used in the formulation of substrates is sphagnum peat (peat). However, environmental concerns ( Barkham, 1993
). Hollow-tine aerification, also known as core aerification, is an effective practice that physically removes a soil core to improve soil physical properties. Research has shown that HT aerification improves water infiltration and reduces VWC in putting
and inorganic components commonly used by nursery growers in California. The aforementioned papers illustrate the broad number of substrate components and virtually unlimited number of combinations that nursery growers use. Physical properties of
recommendations ( McCarty et al., 2016 ). Sand and fines from the native soil were then mixed uniformly in increments increasing by 10% v/v to create 11 different soil mixtures ranging from 100:0 to 0:100 sand:soil ( Table 1 ). Table 1. Physical properties of 11
these additives is often evaluated in terms of their effects on physical properties such as water-holding or air-filled capacity ( Bunt, 1983 ; Martinez et al., 1997 ) or indirectly during the growing ( Rivière et al., 1995 ) and rarely in terms of
and leaching. Organic amendments improve soil physical properties by increasing waterholding capacity, soil aggregation, soil aeration, and permeability and decreasing soil crusting and bulk density ( Oades, 1984 ; Tisdall and Oades, 1982 ). Soil