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; Kim et al., 2016a ; Stommel and Griesbach, 2008 ). Fruit pigmentation involves several groups of compounds including lipid-soluble carotenoids and water-soluble phenolics ( Guzman et al., 2011 ; Rodriguez-Amaya, 2019 ). The importance of natural

phenomenon can be attributed to several factors: First, due to the changes in the content of various phenolic compounds and second, to an increase in cell sap pH level. Sood and Nagar (2003) and Sood et al. (2006) investigated the levels of acidic and

, and carotenoids ( Eugster and Markifischer, 1991 ) in addition to other phenolics acting as copigments ( Davies and Mazza, 1993 ). During flower bud opening and senescence, various events take place in a well-defined sequence such as cell division

Many plant species in the Lamiaceae (mint family), including basil ( Ocimum basilicum ), contain high amounts of phenolics ( Dragland et al., 2003 ; Gutierrez et al., 2008 ; Hussain et al., 2008 ; Javanmardi et al., 2002 ; Lee, 2010

The inverse relationship between dietary intake of fruit and vegetables and incidence of many chronic diseases has been primarily attributed to the health benefits of phytochemicals ( Heber, 2004 ; Liu, 2003 ). Phenolics constitute the largest

( Scalbert et al., 2005 ). Phenolics are one class of naturally occurring bioactive compounds present in many fruits and vegetables. The antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds have been implicated in suppressing various health-related disorders

ingredients in common cold remedies ( Coruh and Ercisli, 2010 ; Fenglin et al., 2004 ). Health-beneficial properties of Rosa leaves may be attributed to their content of phenolics, which are known to possess a wide spectrum of bioactive functions such as

In recent years, cranberries ( Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) have been recognized as a major source of phenolic compounds in the human diet. Research is accruing that demonstrates the positive health benefits of cranberries ( Neto et al., 2005

that increased accumulation of phenolics may be an indirect means to control growth of plant pathogens. This prompted us to evaluate the effect of harpin on microbial quality of fresh-cut lettuce. The object of this work was to evaluate a newly

, acting as an indirect antioxidant, which is able to induce many cytoprotective proteins, including antioxidant enzymes. Also Anupama et al. (2008) have reported that ethanol extract of broccoli flower heads possesses an antimutagenic property. Phenolic