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of VF, optimizing lighting is of great importance. However, lighting conditions significantly affect plant growth, development, and secondary metabolism ( Dou et al., 2017 , 2018 , 2019a , 2019b ; Hosseini et al., 2018 ; Rouphael et al., 2018
believed that the synthesis of secondary metabolites in plants is part of the defense responses of plants to oxidative stress. A number of earlier investigations have suggested that oxidative stress plays an important role for the synthesis of secondary
Intensified interest in plant secondary metabolites for anticancer and other disease treatments has led to recent exploration of medicinal plant growth conditions to optimize biomass production and metabolite synthesis ( Cragg et al., 2009
synthesis of bioactive compounds. Further studies are needed to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of Ce(NO 3 ) 3 , La(NO 3 ) 3 , and Pr(NO 3 ) 3 underlying the promotion of plant growth and the accumulation of secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical
to improve the adaptability of plants and help them acclimate to the changeable environment. The production and accumulation of secondary metabolites are influenced by many environmental factors including light characteristics. For horticultural
plant secondary compounds are somewhat more complex. Nitrogen deficiency may enhance synthesis of secondary chemicals including antioxidants of medicinal plants ( Chand et al., 2011 ; Nourimand et al., 2012 ; Siddiqui et al., 2011 ). However, N
Aloe arborescens and Psoralea drupacea ( Amoo et al., 2012 ; Lystvan et al., 2010 ). The aboveground parts of plants are often adapted to a higher rate of synthesis of secondary metabolites than underground tissues ( Bourgaud et al., 2001 ). The
: Jain, S.M. and P.K. Saxena (eds.). Protocols for in vitro cultures and secondary metabolite analysis of aromatic and medicinal plants. Methods in molecular biology. Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, New York Sabovljević, A. Soković, M
secondary metabolites of medicinal plants due to increased nutrient availability to plants ( Chandra et al., 2010 ). Enhanced N-uptake by AMF is well documented ( Johansen et al., 1996 ), showing an increased synthesis of amino acids and specific metabolites
and accumulation of secondary metabolites in perilla as affected by photosynthetic photon flux density and electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution Front. Plant Sci. 8 708 John, L. Teramura, A.H. Benjamin, C.C. 2008 UV-B radiation effects on