and high tunnel production systems for mortality and the phenological responses of flowering and runner production. Materials and Methods Plant material and data collection. Experiments were performed in the field and under a high tunnel at the
morphology. Mortality ANOVA indicated a significant interaction ( P = 0.0059) between irrigation method and container size. Plant mortality in the overhead irrigation containers was 13%, 6%, and 10% for the 90, 105, and 340 containers, respectively
, the objective of our study was to determine if spray volume and application frequency affect the efficacy of insecticides against western flower thrips adults (based on the percent mortality) located in transvaal daisy flowers by conducting a series of
killed or dead TSM. Actual counts were recorded on the number of live and dead TSM nymphs and adults per leaf. Data analysis Expt. 1: Effect of different miticide formulations on control of twospotted spider mite. Data were corrected for control mortality
replaced ( Burton et al., 2000 ) and is a measure of annual production and/or mortality relative to standing crop ( Jones et al., 2003 ). In natural forests, root turnover is responsible for a substantial flux of carbon to the rhizosphere ( Tierney and
temperature only slightly warmer than the 100% damage temperature. Hence, floral mortality threshold temperatures for control and spray-treated flowers were determined by conducting successive incubations, each a few tenths of a degree (°F) colder, until the
. Statistical analysis. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Percent citrus mealybug mortality for each treatment was calculated by dividing the number of dead mealybugs by the total number of mealybugs found per plant, which met the
, with the insecticide/miticide, abamectin, enhances efficacy resulting in 95% mortality of twospotted spider mite ( Tetranychus urticae ) eggs, larvae, and adults ( Wang and Taashiu, 1994 ). There is minimal quantitative data associated with the effect
, which delays development, increases mortality, reduces fecundity, and reduces egg hatch; and 3) tolerance, or the ability to withstand infestation without damage. The combination of these effects determines the overall level of pest colonization and
Forty-one cultivars of triploid and diploid watermelons (Citrullus lanatus) were grown at Lane, Oklahoma in 2003. Seeds were placed in Jiffy-9 pellets in a greenhouse on 21 May. Fields were prepared with raised beds 1 m wide covered with black plastic. Plots were 3 m wide by 15 m long, with 4 replications, arranged as a randomized complete block. Seedlings were transplanted to the field on 4 June. From 4–9 June, rainfall occurred 5 days. Maximum soil temperatures at 5 cm, under bare soil, from 1–9 June were 34, 34, 35, 26, 22, 26, 31, 29, and 32 °C, respectively. On 9 June, 84% of the seedlings were dead. Lesions were observed on the roots and stems and isolations were made from symptomatic tissues. The predominant pathogen isolated from the seedlings was Pythium aphanidermatum. Some of the cultivars appear to have some degree of resistance to P. aphanidermatum. Mortality among the cultivars, averaged across all replications, ranged from 33% to 100%. The cultivars with the lowest mortality were “Tri-X Carousel” (33%), `Sunny' (40%), `WT-02-31' (53%), `Ole' (58%), and `Tri-X Palomar' (68%). New seeds were seeded in the greenhouse on 16 June, and transplanted to the field on June 30. The replacement seedlings were planted in the same field, in the same location as the previous plants. Maximum soil temperatures for the two week interval following the second planting ranged from 33 to 39 °C, with only one rain of 0.8 cm occurring 10 days after planting. There was no apparent plant loss due to P. aphidermatum in the second planting.