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in nature and low GPs of 0% to 25% (traditional) and 60% to 70% (in vitro) ( Cristiano et al., 2016 ). Studies have investigated the optimization of germination conditions for bitter aloe ( Aloe ferox ) and krantz aloe in petri dishes without
In vitro asymbiotic seed germination, subculture, and outplanting of orchids is presented as a laboratory exercise suitable for students of plant propagation or tissue culture. Dendrobium antennatum (Lindley), Phalaenopsis (Blume) white hybrid, or both, are used in this exercise because they flower predictably in the greenhouse, are reliable for seed production, and germinate and grow rapidly in vitro. The exercises can be used to instruct students in the skills involved in orchid seed sterilization, sowing, and culture, as well as instruct students in the unique features of orchid reproductive biology and symbiosis. A schedule is suggested for stock plant flower pollination, capsule harvest, seed sowing, and seedling subculture so that the necessary plant material is available for students to sow, subculture, and outplant seedlings during a single laboratory session.
viability can be defined as the potential of a pollen grain to germinate, grow, and effect seed set ( Dafni et al., 2005 ). Thus, the concept of pollen viability can be applied to infer the fertility of a given plant. In vitro pollen germination is a common
the medium. Table 1. Isolates of P. aphanidermatum , P. irregulare , and P. ultimum obtained from infected ornamental plants in Michigan, and evaluated in vitro for sensitivity to etridiazole. P. aphanidermatum isolates 106 and 319 and P
Flowers of two cultivars of Rosa hybrida were treated or not with putrescine before being pollinated from 2 to 8 days after anther emasculation. On both cultivars the 10-3 M putrescine treatment extended the effective pollination period, as shown by the best hip formation rates and mean number of seeds per hip. On one cultivar, the 10-5 M putrescine treatment increased fertilization efficiency (more hips obtained). The effect of putrescine was proportionally more important on the cultivar characterized by the highest stigmatic exudate pH. Putrescine also influenced in vitro pollen germination by increasing the length of emitted pollen tubes (10-3 and 10-5 M-putrescine) and the quantity of germinated pollen grains (10-5 M putrescine).
) found that either physical (abrasion with sandpaper) or chemical (soaking in sulfuric acid) scarification methods can increase germination by 70.5% compared to that of a control ( Makasana et al., 2016 ). Fig. 1. Dried butterfly pea seed pods remaining
This research was performed under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA No. 58-3K95-9-739) with the USDA, ARS and Ajay North America, LLC. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the
tree, princess tree ( P. tomentosa ), and foxglove tree ( P. fortunei )] harvested in Nanjing, China. The germination of freshly harvested seeds in princess trees and foxglove trees was more than 85%, but that of empress tree seed was only 0% to 50
.A. Remphrey, W.R. 1993 In vitro germination of three Cypridedium species in relation to time of seed collection, media, and cold treatment Can. J. Bot. 71 879 885 10.1139/b93-100 Dirr, M.A. 2009 Manual of woody landscape plants. 6th ed. Stipes Publ
. from Jordan using seeds and in vitro culture techniques: Baseline information for a conservation perspective Afr. J. Biotechnol. 11 7684 7692 Ashkan, A. Jalal, M. 2013 Effect of salinity on seed germination and seedling vigor indices of two halophytic