Heat stress is one of the major limiting factors for cool-season perennial grasses in many regions. As a consequence of climate change and global warming, heat stress may have increasingly negative impact on crop growth and persistence. Plants have
decline, including heat stress (HT) and drought stress (DS). Because this species is often found in nature growing in wetland habitats and areas that do not have high summer temperatures ( Davy, 1980 ; Hagerup, 1939 ), tufted hairgrass may be sensitive to
proteins ( Richmond and Lang, 1957 ; Selivankina et al., 2001 ). Heat stress has also been reported to accelerate the process of protein degradation ( Gulen and Eris, 2004 ; He et al., 2005 ; Jiang and Huang, 2002 ). Under conditions of high temperature
136 ORAL SESSION 29 (Abstr. 205–210) Stress–Heat and Water
tolerance between warm-season and cool-season plant species ( DiPaola and Beard, 1992 ; Fry and Huang, 2004 ). Nutrient deficiency under heat stress has been observed in various cool-season turfgrass species, which may largely contribute to growth
136 ORAL SESSION 29 (Abstr. 205–210) Stress–Heat and Water
researched. Heat stress often decreases the uptake of nutrients in plant tissues or decreases the total content of nutrients in the plants, although effects can vary among nutrients and species ( Giri et al., 2017 ). Hungria and Kaschuk (2014) reported that
). Drought stress is another major limiting factor for turfgrass growth, particularly during the summer months. The decline in TQ of fine fescues, which is commonly observed during the summer, is typically associated with heat, drought, or both and is
overall turf quality of cool-season grasses during summer months is commonly referred to as summer stress. Summer stress can be broken down into two major components, heat stress and drought stress ( Huang et al., 1998a ; Jiang and Huang, 2000 , 2001b
heat stress, has been described as an important limiting factor of turfgrass growth ( DaCosta and Huang 2013 ). The first changes in plants occur at the cellular level and include altered protein and biochemical syntheses, altered metabolism, and