of heat damage can develop in <2 h when berry surface temperature exceeds 42 to 48 °C. Necrosis occurs in both immature and ripe berries and usually starts with distinct browning or reddish spots that eventually collapse within a few days. When
changes in photochemical efficiency and heat dissipation; low Fv/Fm values in plants under stress indicate damage to the PSII reaction center. Chlorophyll fluorescence is used to determine the effects of environmental stresses on photosynthesis in plants
loss of Chl and disruption of cellular membranes, leading electrolytes and ions to leak freely out of cells ( Hu et al., 2016 ; Liu and Huang, 2000 ; Wang et al., 2009 ; Wassie et al., 2019 ; Wilson et al., 2014 ). Membrane damage induced by heat
Crop loss from heat damage is becoming a prevalent problem for many blueberry growers in the northwestern United States. The region, which includes Oregon and Washington, is the leading producer of blueberries in the country [ U.S. Department of
notably, how nutrient accumulation is associated with differences in heat tolerance and specifically heat-induced damage in leaves between warm-season and cool-season grass species is not well documented. In addition, different nutrient elements may differ
membrane integrity of the heat-tolerant genotypes was not damaged by the high-temperature treatment of 50 °C for 20 min, whereas AVPP9703 and AVPP0002 were sensitive and damaged at 50 °C. The membrane is the first line of defense with many heat
to cool-season species using C 3 photosynthetic metabolism, which is more sensitive to heat stress ( Furbank and Taylor, 1995 ). The levels of oxidative damage and antioxidant scavenging capacity may differ between warm-season and cool-season grass
canopy height was measured with a floating disk ruler method as the vertical distance from a paper disk placed on the turf canopy and the base of the shoot ( Ervin and Zhang, 2007 ; Sharrow, 1984 ). Cellular level of heat damage or tolerance was
defense treatments of plants could allow for plants to modulate fatty acid changes associated with heat tolerance better than control plants due to less stress damage. Materials and Methods Plant material and growth conditions. Sod plugs of creeping