., 2004 ). To maximize germination percentages of Corylopsis seeds, empty seeds that float when immersed in water should be separated from fully developed and mature seeds that sink, followed by optimum CS treatment. Immersing seeds of C. sinensis var
to trichomes developed on the seedcoat, soaking Pulsatilla seeds in water to separate full, viable seeds from empty, nonviable seeds, as demonstrated with Corylopsis coreana Uyeki seeds ( Kim et al., 2017 ), could not be performed. Germination of
for another minute without stirring. Seeds designated as floaters or sinkers were collected, classified into four groups (filled, shrunken, insect-damaged, and empty) based on their morphological traits ( Figs. 1 and 2 ) as observed by light
parents on olive seed traits, seed germination, and seedling emergence and growth. Cuevas and Oller (2002) and Farinelli et al. (2008) found that both the female parent and the pollinator had some influence on the number of fruits with double and empty
of ‘Everglades’ lettuce seeds matured at 30/20 °C (day/night on a 12-h photoperiod) and subsequently imbibed at 36 °C for 11 h. A total of 98% of the seeds germinated. ( A ) Empty endosperm cell and condensed cytoplasm. ( B ) Closeup of A (rotated
, the development of the embryo was blocked. Some early globular embryos degenerated before forming into globular embryos, and thus formed empty embryo sacs, leading to seed abortion. In addition, the climatic conditions of pollination and fertilization
Poster Session 17–Seed and Stand Establishment 19 July 2005, 12:00–12:45 p.m., Poster Hall–Ballroom E/F
Binomial probability distributions were used to determine the effects of percent seed germination and number of seeds sown per cell on expected numbers of seedlings in plug trays. Expected numbers of empty cells in five types of plug trays (128, 273, 338, 406, and 512 cells/tray) were calculated for cases where one to seven seeds were sown per cell and seed germination ranged from 50% to 95%. Generally, one additional seed was required per plug cell for each 10% decrease in the germination percentage in order to attain the same number of filled cells per plug tray. Expected frequencies were calculated for the number of seedlings in plug trays when one to five seeds were sown per cell and seed germination ranged from 50% to 95%. When the number of seeds sown per cell remained constant, uniformity in seedling number per cell increased as the germination percentage increased. When percent seed germination remained constant and the number of seeds sown per cell was increased, the percentage of cells with at least one seedling increased, whereas the uniformity in seedling number per cell decreased. Additional examples are presented in the article on the utility of binomial distributions in determining expected number of seedlings.
Poster Session 17–Seed and Stand Establishment 19 July 2005, 12:00–12:45 p.m., Poster Hall–Ballroom E/F
109 ORAL SESSION 28 (Abstr. 572–579) Fruit Set & Seed Quality–Vegetables