Oxygen enrichment in deep hydroponic culture improves growth of spinach Envrion. Control Biol. 27 3 97 102 Morse, T.L. Kytömaa, H.K. 2011 The effect of turbulence on the rate of evaporation of LNG on water J. Loss Prevent. Proc. 24 791 797 Oppenheimer, J
) lamps in a growth chamber. The growth chamber was set at 24/18 °C (day/night) during propagation. After 14 d, the lettuce seedlings were transplanted into deep-water culture (DWC) systems and moved to a greenhouse. Each system had a 4 × 2 × 2-inch air
of drainage. Deep-water culture (DWC) is a widely used liquid culture system in which roots are continuously submerged in a nutrient solution. We have found that this approach provides the most uniform and steady-state root zone environment
environmental benefits. Unlike other hydroponic systems, deep water culture (DWC) typically uses fewer substrates that act as a physical support, and there are fewer substrate options to use in the system other than rockwool cubes. Typically, in the DWC
important decision for bedding plant growers transitioning to edible crop production is whether to invest in new hydroponic equipment or modify existing culture systems ( Chidiac, 2017 ). Nutrient film technique (NFT) and deep water culture (DWC) are common
culture Scientia Hort. 20 1 23 33 Hong, C.X. Moorman, G.W. 2005 Plant pathogens in irrigation water: Challenges and opportunities Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 24 3 189 208 https://doi.org/subzero.lib.uoguelph.ca/10.1080/07352680591005838 Hoque
described. Seedlings were then transplanted into a deep-water culture hydroponic system on 19 Jan 2023 in a polycarbonate-covered greenhouse. A deep-water culture system was used because it is one of the most common hydroponic production systems for lettuce
technique ( Darnell and Stutte 2001 ; Sharma et al. 2018 ; van Delm et al. 2016 ) and deep water culture (DWC) ( Bagale 2018 ; Kitazawa et al. 2005 ; Sakamoto et al. 2016 ). In most of these studies, plant growth was compared between different types of
products containing mixtures of other bacterial and fungal strains on salinity stress in lettuce and pak choi using deep water culture (DWC) hydroponics. The effects of the inoculants in a standard, nonstressed DWC system were also evaluated. The goal was
grown leafy greens. Most leafy green hydroponics operations employ liquid-based cultivation systems such as nutrient film technique and deep water culture (DWC), which allow for efficient water and nutrient use and high productivity. However, although