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successful methods of commercial blackberry propagation include root cuttings and tissue culture ( Caldwell, 1984 ; Hartmann et al., 2011 ). Attempts to root hardwood cuttings of FF blackberry have produced variable success rates ( Bray et al., 2003

vegetative material, making genetic and sanitary control difficult. Formation pruning is also expensive because the use of wood cuttings promotes a shrub-like growth. Later, Hartmann (1946) developed a technique for olive tree propagation by leafy

rooting outcome was provided. We evaluated the impact of increasing concentration of rooting hormone on propagation success of recently elongated shoot cuttings (6 to 8 cm long) harvested off of rhizomes of C. peregrina , henceforth referred to as young

cuttings are taken at more specific times within this broad seasonal range ( Dehgan et al., 1989 ; Dirr and Heuser, 1987 ; Pijut and Moore, 2002 ; Schrader and Graves, 2000 ). Therefore, this study evaluated whether cutting timing impacts propagation

protocols for their propagation and identify niches they can fill in horticultural landscapes. To evaluate methods for the efficient propagation of sweetgale, rhodora, and catberry, we conducted experiments over 2 years on the effects of cutting collection

Cutting propagation is the most widely used method for cloning nursery and floriculture crops. Some of the factors that affect successful cutting propagation include stock plant quality, timing of propagation, propagation environment, container size

.S. Dept. Agr., 2006 ). Annual bedding and garden plants accounted for 49% of all propagative material, or $214 million. These propagation numbers probably underestimate the economic value of the seedling and cutting industry when including vegetable, woody

Appropriate timing and concentration of nutrient supply in vegetative cutting propagation affects root development, uniformity of plant growth, uptake efficiency [(nutrient taken up/total nutrient applied-nutrients in substrate)*100], nutrient

Agriculture, 2012 ). Unrooted cuttings received in the United States generally have tissue nutrient concentrations within published, recommended ranges on receipt ( Gibson et al., 2007 ; Santos et al., 2011a ). However, during the propagation phase of

propagation techniques, especially cutting propagation techniques, which have been widely used in the mass production of many other woody plants ( Howard, 1996 ; Phillip et al., 2014 ; Tworkoski and Takeda, 2007 ), should be considered. However, so far, few