cultivars and analyze the correlation between textural characteristics and basic physicochemical indicators. Furthermore, we used cluster analysis to classify different plum cultivars according to their textural characteristics and combined this with
of morphological data. A cluster analysis was performed to group the individuals from both studied sites according to similar morphological traits based on different quantitative and qualitative descriptors of the capsule, flower, and seed. To form
Digital imaging and analysis was used to quantify and characterize the light exposure patterns of photosensitive paper tubes placed in representative cluster positions in two grape (Vitis vinifera L.) canopies: a minimally pruned and a vertically trained canopy. Blue pixel values of the captured images had a negative correlation with the log of irradiance from an integrating quantum sensor (r2 = 0.9308). The spectral response of the photosensitive paper was not measured. Histograms of incident light distribution on individual paper tubes were developed using imaging software. Histograms were able to quantify the distribution of incident light on individual tubes and were clearly related to the tube's exposure in the canopy. Average population curves of pixel light distribution of 20 tubes in each canopy were able to differentiate the typical cluster light environment in the two canopies. Tubes in the minimally pruned canopy had a larger proportion of their surface exposed to irradiances > 50 μmol·s-1·m-2 and 65% higher average irradiance than the vertical canopy. Image analysis of photosensitive paper appears to be a workable method to record the distribution ofincident light in plant canopies and may have utility in a range of ecological studies.
values on attributes for fresh produce. This study also contributes to the literature by providing the main factors driving young consumers to be part of each market segment. First, a two-stage cluster analysis process provided four distinct segments of
Digital imaging and analysis was used to quantify and characterize the light exposure patterns of photo-sensitive paper tubes placed in representative cluster postions in two grape (Vitis `vinifera L.) canopies: a minimally pruned and a vertically trained canopy. Blue pixel values of the captured video images had a strong negative correlation with the log of irradience from an integrating quantum sensor (R2=0.9308). Histograms of incident light distribution on individual paper tubes were developed using imaging software. Histograms were able to quantify the spatial distribution of light on individual tubes and were clearly related to exposure in the canopy. Average population curves of light distribution were able to differentiate the typical cluster light environment in the two canopies. Tubes in the minimally pruned canopy had a larger proportion of their surface exposed to irradiences greater than 50 μmol s-1m-2 and 65% higher average irradience than the vertical canopy. Image analysis of photo-sensitive paper appears to he a workable method to record variation in spatial and temporal light in plant canopies.
The objective of this study was the identification of existing olive trees in eight regions of Kermanshah province and investigation of their fruit, seed, and leaf characteristics in order to be used in the olive production industry of Iran. The germination ability of olive seed in field and nursery were also studied. In this research, 61 genotypes were identified and their characteristics were studied. It was found out that the present genotypes of Kermanshah showed different vegetative and reproductive growth based on the climatic and topographic conditions. This was verified by cluster analysis of the genotypes of different regions, which showed clearly their far and close relations. It was found out that some of the genotypes in the region spite of their appearance differences have same origin and most probably should be considered as the same genotype. The results also showed that favorable seed bed, planting depth and scarification of the seeds have positive effects on their germination while scarification of the seeds without other treatments had no significant effect on the seed germination.
literature, a cluster analysis has been used to identify customer segments and develop educational content related to many topics, including integrated pest management (IPM) extension activities ( Kratsch et al. 2017 ), horticultural practices ( Wagner et
respect to farm characteristics, production techniques, marketing strategies, and producer socioeconomic characteristics. Groups of berry producers were characterized using cluster analysis of the survey data. Three types of producers were identified: the
fit between the cluster analysis and the original distance matrix for three data sets (ISSR, SRAP, and ISSR + SRAP). Results Polymorphism analysis. Twenty-five ISSR primers amplified 283 scorable bands, with an average of 11.32 amplified fragments per
values of N e , H , and I are in bold type. Cluster analysis. The genetic similarity coefficient of the 28 accessions ranged from 0.4372 to 0.9765, with an average of 0.5767. The coefficient between most accessions was less than 0