is an important breeding objective for multiflora chrysanthemum. Flowering time, an important adaptive trait that strongly influences planting area and productivity and the market price of cultivated plants, is affected by both endogenous and
of alleles to improve important ornamental traits; however, conventional breeding programs may not be sufficient to improve complex traits in chrysanthemum. Modern molecular breeding tools, such as molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding
achieved ( Cheng et al., 2011 ; Deng et al., 2011 ), so wide crossing could have considerable potential for white rust resistance breeding. Here, we report the evaluation for the white rust resistance shown by a panel of 19 Ajania and Chrysanthemum spp
Chrysanthemum is a famous traditional flower in China that possesses a high aesthetic value and abundant cultural associations ( Zhang et al., 2013 ). Because of the active dissemination and breeding of this flower around the world, an ample
( Lepage et al., 1984 ). Therefore, on an annual basis, a reduced number of stems per unit area can be harvested. One focus for the breeding of more energy-efficient chrysanthemum cultivars could be to create cultivars with less or no delay in flowering
classification system. Flower shape is an important target for breeding and ornamental plant improvement, and in China, flower head shape, as well as ray floret shape in large-flowered chrysanthemum, has been subject to selection to meet different consumer
Jong, 1989 ), American ( Anderson and Ascher, 2001 ), Taiwanese ( Wang et al., 2008 ), and Chinese ( Xiwang et al., 2008 ) chrysanthemum breeding programs. An ideotype has been proposed to select for DN and HDI garden chrysanthemums in a LD, HT
studies of the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes and floral development genes under various light conditions in chrysanthemum. Moreover, these findings will also promote the molecular breeding of horticultural crops for their color modification
Several crop species (e.g., cut chrysanthemum) can only be grown year-round in colder climates when cultivated in heated greenhouses. This implies that production during autumn and winter will require high energy inputs, and therefore energy
directed transgenic breeding of chrysanthemum cultivars. Materials and Methods Plant materials and stress treatments. Plant materials used for physiological analyses and quantitative (q)RT-PCR analysis were cloned propagules of C. lavandulifolium and