Abstract
Application of BA, GA4+7, and Promalin (GA4+7 + BA) to 2-and 3-yearold spur ‘Delicious’ apple trees [Malus domestica(Borkh.)] resulted in an increased number of laterals (> 15 cm) and feathers (5-15 cm). Concentrations of 250 and 500 ppm were most effective. Application at 5 cm of terminal growth was most effective while application after 10 cm was ineffective. Use of the surfactants, Buffer X or Tween 20 (0.3%) with BA application, increased the branching response. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-lH-purin-6-amine (BA), Gibberellins A4 + A7 (GA4+7).
useful for apple trees ( He and Schupp, 2018 ; Zahid et al., 2021a ) because they can result in unwanted vegetative growth. Robotic pruning is a selective branch operation that can produce accurate cuts using an end-effector tool attached to the
Branching is a pivotal determinant of plant architecture ( Umehara et al. 2008 ), not only influencing the capacity of the plant to adapt to its environment but also significantly impacting crop yield, ornamental characteristics, and production
( Sleper and Poehlman 2006 ). The goal of this project was to induce stable, heritable mutations resulting in increased branching and a dwarf compact phenotype and introgress the compact phenotypes into lines of hardy Hibiscus to generate a series of
Most temperate fruit tree breeding programs pay major attention to fruit quality, chilling requirement, crop load, and tolerance to disease. In contrast, limited effort has been devoted to tree architecture and tree branching patterns ( Berthelemy
height was (mean ± sd ) 0.45 ± 0.05 m and the trunk diameter was 0.11 ± 0.01 m. The trees had three to five main branches. The canopy height of the aboveground level was 2.2 ± 0.2 m. The height from the ground to the canopy skirt was 0.9 ± 0.2 m. The
Abstract
The Collegiate Branch Forum is an excellent means for undergraduate students to gain experience in presenting papers and to become involved in research. Students need much time and guidance at the undergraduate level. However, considering the purpose behind collegiate branch papers, I elected not to co-author their papers. This was also the case in some of the other collegiate papers in which only the student's name appears. I question whether a paper belongs in the collegiate division if several faculty names appear as co-authors. Perhaps a concensus should be made concerning the number of students allowed on a single paper and whether faculty advisors are to be co-authors. One paper given this year had seven co-authors.
, promoted by the Agromillora nursery (Barcelona, Spain) ( Casanova-Gascón et al. 2019 ; Iglesias and Torrents 2022 ; Iglesias et al. 2021 ). Maximizing branching density within the canopies of SHD trees is important to establish and maintain the productive
on the plant ( Bergmann et al. 2017 ). Traditionally, poinsettia have been pinched to remove apical dominance and allow the lower nodes to branch out. This results in a wider and fuller plant, but mechanical pinching is labor-intensive and may not
Manual pinching of apical meristems of horticultural crops removes apical dominance and promotes branching, increases flower numbers, and promotes the growth of a rounded, uniform plant canopy. However, manual pinching is a time-consuming and