and other concerns associated with a number of synthetic chemical pesticides, novel, bio-based nematicides could be safe management alternatives for decreasing yield losses caused by this nematode. Plant-derived compounds are a potential source for
have been anticipated based on the work of Atkinson (1977) and Haynes (1981) who showed that herbicide strips encourage tree fruit root growth near the soil surface. Yao et al. (2006a) also used herbicides strips and found that the depth of fine
-Grappadelli and Lakso, 2004 ; Musacchi and Serra, 2018 ). To optimize fruit production, specific combinations of scion, rootstock, and orchard management strategies based on the local environment should be selected during orchard establishment ( D’Abrosca et al
,3-Dichloropropene, a soil fumigant and nematicide, is used primarily for strawberries, sweetpotatoes, melons, flowers, and other crops before planting, soil fumigation, and processing; it has been shown to be effective in controlling worms, plant pathogenic bacteria