constituents) by retention time and also using mass spectroscopy (MS). The constituents identified on MS were beta-pinene, myrcene, limonene, eucalyptol, cis-sabinene hydrate, 4-terpineol, cis-dihydro carvone, cis-carveol, carvone, iso-dihydro carveol acetate
tested in triplicate. Statistical methods. The effect of DT on essential oil content and the concentration and yield of alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, myrcene, delta-3-carene, limonene, cis-ocimene, linalyl anthranilate, alpha-terpinyl acetate, germacrene
-thujene, alpha-pinene, camphene, l-octen-3-ol, myrcene, alpha-terpinene, paracymene, beta-phyllanderene/limonene, gamma-terpinene, cis-sabinene hydrate, terpinolene, transsabinene hydrate, borneol, 4-terpineol, carvacrol, beta-caryophylenne, beta-bisabolene, and
male tree was greater than in the biomass of the female tree. The concentrations of the following oil constituents: alpha-pinene, alpha-terpinene, gamma-terpinene, terpinolene, pregeijerene B, elemol, beta-eudesmol/alpha-eudesmol, and 8-alpha
). Statistical analysis. The effect of DT on essential oil content as well as the concentration and yield of alpha-pinene, camphene, paracymene, eucalyptol, camphor, borneol, beta-caryophyllene, transbeta-farnesene, beta-chamigrene, germacrene-D, gamma
275 °C. Statistical analysis. The effect of distillation time on essential oil content and the concentration and yield of alpha-pinene, sabinene, beta-pinene, myrcene, 3-octanal, limonene, eucalyptol, isopulegon, menthone, isomenthone, menthol
Bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC.) is an herbal beverage and medicinal plant indigenous to South Africa. This study evaluated the effects of micronutrients on bush tea quality. Treatments consisted of single applications of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), boron (Bo), iron (Fe), and magnesium (Mg) at three levels (50, 100, and 150 mL/L) and a combination of all micronutrients. A control treatment with no spray was also included. Tea samples were analyzed using head space solid phase microextraction gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). A significant change in the metabolite profile of bush tea was noted. Five major compounds were identified (>80% identification probability) namely alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, myrcene, beta-caryophyllene, and caryophyllene oxide. A linear relationship between percentage leaf tissues and treatment levels of micronutrients in bush tea was also observed. The liquid chromatography linked to mass spectrometry (LC–MS) showed no significant qualitative difference between the control and the micronutrient treatments. There were significant quantitative differences between the control and treatments applied at 50 and 100 mL/L and the combination (B + Zn + Fe + Cu + Mg) applied at 10 and 20 mL/L. The application of micronutrients did have an influence on the metabolite quantities as has been reported with most secondary metabolite fluctuations caused by plant–environment interactions. Altering the micronutrient application may be a possible solution in achieving commercial agricultural production of this medicinal beverage.
Volatile compounds contribute to carrot (Daucus carota) flavor. However, effects of postharvest treatments on these compounds are not defined. To characterize treatment effects, fresh carrots (cv. Sunrise) were treated with 0 or 1.0 μL/L 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) at 10 °C for 16 h, then exposed to 0, 0.3, or 1.0 μL/L ozone (O3) at 10 °C for 1, 2, or 4 days, and subsequently stored at 0 °C for up to 24 weeks. Twelve terpenes were identified in the headspace over whole carrots, including dimethylstyrene (22.5%), alpha-pinene (19.1%), caryophyllene (15.8%), beta-pinene (9.1%), p-cymene (8.3%), limonene (7.7%), gamma-terpinene (6.7%), myrcene (4.7%), gamma-terpinolene (4.5%) camphene (1.0%), alpha-phellandrene (0.52%), and sabinene (0.03%). Most terpenes responded similarly to treatments and storage. Immediately after treatment with 1.0 μL/L O3 for 1, 2, or 4 days, total terpene concentrations were 45%, 85%, and 87% greater than concentrations in non-treated controls. Caryophyllene, beta-pinene, and sabinene did not increase in response to the O3 treatment unlike the other terpenes. 1-MCP reduced terpene concentrations by an average of 18%. O3 treatments also stimulated stress volatile production. Ethanol headspace concentrations were 8-, 21-, and 43-times greater than the nontreated controls immediately following treatments with 0.3 nL/L O3 for 4 days or 1.0 μL/L O3 for 2 or 4 days, respectively. However, after 8 weeks, no differences among treatments were observed. Hexanal production also was stimulated by all O3 treatments, being 2- to 11-times greater than controls immediately following treatment. 1-MCP reduced O3-stimulated ethanol and hexanal production by 23% and 8%, respectively.
, camphor, fragranol, transalpha-necrodol-acetate, grandisol, and the following minor (below 1% of the oil) constituents: hexanal, tricyclene, sabinene, beta-pinene, alpha-terpinene, paracimene, limonene, cis-thujone, pinocarvone, borneol, beta
ramped at 10 °C⋅min –1 to 280 °C, where it was held for 6 min. The inlet was 250 °C and operated in a 10:1 split mode; the column flowrate was 2.0 mL⋅min –1 . Samples were analyzed for 19 terpenes: α-pinene, (-)-α-bisabolol, (-)-β-pinene, camphene, d