Annual bluegrass ( Poa annua L. var. Hausskn Timm) is a very difficult weed species to control in cool-season turf areas. Prolific seed production and germination coupled with tolerance to low mowing heights and soil compaction makes annual
Golf course superintendents constantly battle annual bluegrass infestations in golf course putting greens, fairways, and roughs. The weapons used against annual bluegrass have included herbicides, growth regulators, management practices, and
Annual bluegrass ( Poa annua L.) often invades and persists in intensively managed cool-season turfgrass systems ( Beard, 1973 ). A lack of heat, drought, and disease tolerance compared with other cultivated turfgrass species makes it difficult
creeping bentgrass playing surfaces is invasion from annual bluegrass [ Poa annua ( Askew, 2017 ; Flessner et al., 2017 ; Green et al., 2019 )]. Annual bluegrass is one of the most pervasive, adaptable, and diverse plant species in the world ( Cross et
A major concern with creeping bentgrass putting greens is the high incidence of annual bluegrass invasion. A genetically diverse and prolific seed producer ( Beard et al., 1978 ; Ellis et al., 1971 ; Gibeault and Goetze, 1973 ; Law, 1981 ; Timm
to winter and determining whether management practices can improve cellular-protection mechanisms are important for developing strategies to reduce winter associated damages. Annual bluegrass ( Poa annua var. reptans ), when maintained in a
still allows for gas exchange ( Andrews 1996 ). Creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis stolonifera ) and annual bluegrass ( Poa annua ) are two putting green species that differ significantly in their resistance to ice encasement, with creeping bentgrass being
Abstract
The effectiveness of ethephon for reducing the growth of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.), when grown as single plants in pot culture in the greenhouse or outdoors, and within a Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) sod, was evaluated. Ethephon reduced the growth of annual bluegrass more than that of Kentucky bluegrass. Concentration was more important in reducing plant spread than the number of applications. Ethephon applied to field grown turf reduced the leaf area per tiller of annual bluegrass but not Kentucky bluegrass. Leaves per tiller and the shoot dry weight of field grown Kentucky bluegrass increased with increasing ethephon rates compared to nontreated plots. Although significant growth retardation occurred for both species in pot culture, only Kentucky bluegrass canopy height decreased in the field with increasing ethephon rates. Decreased Kentucky bluegrass canopy height resulted from reduced sheath length. Chemical names used: (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon).
Creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis stolonifera L.) and annual bluegrass ( Poa annua L.) are the predominant species of grass found on golf course putting greens in the northern United States. The recent selection of high-quality inbred lines of
air-filled porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity compared with coarse or coarse-medium sand ( Murphy et al., 2001 ). Table 1. Particle size distribution of sands used for topdressing an annual bluegrass turf mowed at 2.8 mm in North Brunswick