Abstract
Veronica repens was evaluated in a field study comparing herbicide effects on ground cover establishment. Herbicides were applied 1 day before ground covers were transplanted. Ground cover transplant root systems were either dipped or not dipped in an activated charcoal slurry prior to planting. There was a significant interaction between herbicide and charcoal treatment. Dichlobenil, chlorsulfuron, and simazine caused significant injury and reduced surface coverage. Transplants dipped in activated charcoal and treated with dichlobenil or chlorsulfuron had as much as three times less injury and produced 24% greater surface coverage than those without activated charcoal. DCPA, oxadiazon, and trifluralin caused little herbicide injury or ground cover stand reduction, and activated charcoal preconditioning did not influence their responses. These results indicate a broad herbicide range could be used with the activated charcoal root system dip procedure during Veronica repens establishment. Chemical names used: dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate (DCPA), 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil); 2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]benzenesulfonamide (chlorsulfuron); 3-[2,4-dichloro-5-(1-methyle-thoxy)phenyl]-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-one (oxadiazon); 6-chloro-N, N’-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (simazine); α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin).
Abstract
Field studies were conducted at 2 sites to evaluate preplant activated charcoal root dips in reducing herbicide injury to newly planted strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa), In 1981, growth of charcoal treated ‘Prelude’, following application of 0.28 kg/ha terbacil (on 0.5% organic matter, Orangeburg loamy sand), was equal to control plants. Charcoal root dips did not prevent injury from 0.56 and 1.11 kg/ha of terbacil on this soil. In 1982, on Orangeburg loamy sand (0.3% organic matter), injury to ‘Apollo’ by diphenamid (4.5 kg/ha) or napropamide (4.5 kg/ha) applications immediately after planting was reduced by charcoal treatment. On the same soil, alachlor (3.4 kg/ha) or metolachlor (2.2 kg/ha) caused equal amounts of injury with or without charcoal root dips. Some crop protection from terbacil at 0.28 kg/ha was achieved with charcoal; however, none was observed with the 0.42 kg/ha rate.
Abstract
Activated charcoal was applied as a spot treatment on soil surface over the seed of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai, cv. Charleston Gray]. Planting and charcoal application were done simultaneously with specially developed equipment. Activated charcoal at 358 kg/ha fully protected watermelon from terbacil (1.12 kg/ha) injury but provided only partial protection from atrazine (2.24 kg/ha) injury. Spot application of activated charcoal did not result in decreased weed control.
Abstract
Additions of activated charcoal (AC) to maintenance media before regeneration were evaluted for possible enhancement of plant regeneration from long-term embryogenic callus cultures of red fescue (Festuca rubra L.). Pretreatment with AC increased the level of precocious germination during culture and significantly increased shoot and root formation after transfer to regeneration media. Activated charcoal adsorbed and reduced the activity of toxic levels of 2,4-D. Adsorption of 2,4-D along with other inhibitors of morphogenesis by AC are implicated in the enhancement of regeneration. Chemical names used: (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D).
( Aislabie et al., 2006 ; Elliott and Prevatte, 1995 ). Johns and Beard (1979) compared activated charcoal and a detergent on the remediation of gasoline, motor oil, grease, and hydraulic fluid spills on ‘Tifgreen’ bermudagrass ( Cynodon dactylon ). Their
growth in soils with a history of litter from recently killed C. micronesica trees. We used standard allelopathy-based research protocols using activated charcoal as a substance that adsorbs organic compounds in combination with fertilization to correct
., 2013 ). There are numerous factors which can affect rooting of micropropagated shoots. Activated charcoal is commonly used in plant tissue culture to darken the medium, but has the undesired effect of binding growth regulators and rendering them
. Callus induction. The immature embryo explants were cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with 2,4-D and in combination with activated charcoal to induce embryogenic calli. Different concentrations of 2,4-D (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg·L −1 ) and
peptone, 1 g·L −1 niacin, 1 g·L −1 pyridoxine HCl, and 1 g·L −1 thiamine HCl. NAA, coconut water (CW), and activated charcoal (AC) were added to media to improve orchid seed germination ( Harvais, 1973 ; Hong et al., 2008 ; Rubluo et al., 1989
rooting media ( Fotso et al., 2004 ). Research has indicated the activated charcoal (AC) alone or in combination with auxins can promote growth and development because of its capacity to adsorb inhibitory substances, decrease phenolic oxidation, buffer