are 1.8 kg per capita in Korea, 0.9 kg per capita in China, 0.45 kg per capita in Europe, and 0.05 kg per capita in the United States ( Olsen, 2000 ). Various chestnut species ( Castanea sp.) are native to all three continents of the Northern
A new chestnut cultivar, Mipung ( Castanea kusakuri Blume), was released from Korean native chestnut trees by the chestnut laboratory of the Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI) in 2005. This cultivar was first selected from a natural
The ‘Jahong’ chestnut ( Castanea crenata Siebold & Zucc) was released from Korean native chestnut trees by the Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI) to develop cultivars with desirable nut characteristics such as high sweetness, easy peeling, and
regarded and widely consumed throughout Europe, America, and Asia. In addition, chestnuts are one of the most popular nuts in the oriental world. Chestnuts are mainly cultivated in China (1,650,000 tons), Republic of Korea (70,000 tons), Turkey (59,789 tons
A new Chinese chestnut cultivar, Jianding Youli ( Castanea mollissima Blume), was released from native chestnut trees in China by Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province, and Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2017. This cultivar was preliminary selected
sHSP in sweet chestnut ( Castanea sativa L.), CsHsp17.5, was constitutively expressed in stem and was upregulated by both high and low temperatures ( Lopez-Matas et al., 2004 ; Soto et al., 1999 ). A more recent report showed that a rose sHSP ( Rosa
of Corylus are reported to be native to China ( Zhang et al., 2005 ), where their nuts have been collected as food for more than 5000 years ( Martins et al., 2014 ). C. heterophylla grows throughout Korea, Japan, China, and the Russian Far East
. grandiflorum , as a popular vegetable, has received much attention to be a functional food ( Choi et al., 2010 ; Kang et al., 2008 ). Genetic deterioration and severe diseases have resulted from the long-term use of native germplasm in most P. grandiflorum
& Herbal Science, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Korea by J.H. Hwang, Y.U. Shin, D. Kim, S. Heo, and S.S. Hong. Tsugaru x Chukwang; crossed 1992; selected 2000; tested as Wonkyo Ga 33; introd. 2005. Fruit: globose, symmetrical with weak rib, and medium-large; skin