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insufficient carbohydrate flow to sustain the synthesis of starch in a basipetal direction and to support the growth of developing twigs, lower branches, and fruit. Fig. 1. Production of healthy fruit by an Huanglongbing (HLB)-affected citrus tree. Subtending

Huanglongbing is considered to be the most destructive citrus disease worldwide, having caused devastating economic damage to citrus in Asia and Africa for more than 100 years ( Aubert, 1992 ) and more recently in Brazil and Florida ( Bové, 2006

. Table 1. Treatment structure description of the evaluation of varying rates of iron (Fe) on huanglongbing (HLB)-affected Bingo ( Citrus reticulata ) trees in Florida. Tree height, trunk diameter and leaf Fe concentration . The initial tree heights

about 45,000 workers ( USDA-NASS, 2019 ). This decline in citrus production has been attributed primarily to Huanglongbing (HLB) disease, first reported in Florida around 2005. This disease was first described during the 19th century in China and has now

Citrus greening disease or huanglongbing (HLB) causes worldwide crop loss and reduced profitability for citrus growers ( da Graça, 1991 ). HLB is believed to be caused by a fastidious phloem-limited bacterium that infects nearly all citrus species

-source accessions from the National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Dates. Trees were evaluated at the USDA Fort Pierce, FL, farm over 2 weeks late October through Nov. 2015, 6 years after planting in an area with severe huanglongbing and natural

Huanglongbing (or citrus greening) has become the most devastating endemic disease in Florida, having infected 80% to 90% of commercial citrus trees ( Albrigo and Stover, 2015 ). The disease is putatively incited by the bacterial pathogen

study during 2014 and 2015. Fig. 1. Effect of Huanglongbing (HLB) affected and nonaffected sweet orange trees (‘Hamlin’ and ‘Valencia’) on soil total available water content in the top soil [0–30 cm (11.8 inches)] in lysimeters under greenhouse

orange trees with three Huanglongbing symptom levels (mild, moderate, and severe). Three weeks before harvest, 10 randomly selected fruit from each tree were subjected to FT measurements to determine the likeliness of fruit drop (loose vs. tight fruit on

availability and leaf area index Ann. For. Sci. 57 755 765 Hall, D.G. Gottwald, T.R. 2011 Pest management practices aimed at curtailing citrus huanglongbing disease Outlooks Pest Mgt. 22 189 192 Hamido, S.A. Morgan, K.T. Mahmoud, K.A. 2016 Citrus huanglongbing