’, ‘Carina’, ‘Maxima’, ‘Mira’, ‘Rhea’, and ‘Vela’ all outperform the benchmark cultivar Nonpareil in yield, with four being self-fertile. The earlier flowering cultivars offer a replacement for ‘Price’, and the later flowering cultivars offer a replacement
Water uptake through the exocarp of intact sweet cherry [Prunus avium (L.)] fruit was determined gravimetrically in an immersion assay (25 °C). Fruit with sealed pedicel/fruit juncture were incubated in water during the first interval (0 to 0.75 hour) and in 10 mm salt solutions of selected cations during the second (0.75 to 1.5 hours) and third interval (1.5 to 2.25 hours) of an experiment. Rates of water uptake (F) were calculated for first, second and third intervals (FI, FII and FIII, respectively) and salt effects indexed by the ratios FII/FI and FIII/FI. AgNO3 (FII/FI = 0.65), NaCl (0.70), BaCl2 (0.67), CdCl2 (0.69), CuCl2 (0.42), HgCl2 (0.58), and SrCl2 (0.69), and the salts of trivalent cations AlCl3 (0.50), EuCl3 (0.58), and FeCl3 (0.49), significantly decreased water uptake into mature `Sam' fruit as compared to the water control (0.87). KCl (0.82), NH4Cl (0.85), CaCl2 (0.75), MgCl2 (0.88), MnCl2 (0.81), and ZnCl2 (0.72) had no effect, LiCl (1.00) increased uptake. Similar data were obtained for FIII/FI. The effect of FeCl3 on water uptake was independent of the presence of CaCl2, AlCl3, or CuCl2, as sequential or simultaneous treatment with these salts reduced water uptake to the same extent as with FeCl3 alone. Increasing FeCl3 concentration up to 1 mm decreased uptake, higher concentrations had no further effect. FeCl3 and CaCl2 to a smaller extent decreased water uptake in developing `Regina' sweet cherry fruit (55 to 91 days after full bloom). FeCl3 had no significant effect on water uptake along the pedicel/fruit juncture, but markedly reduced uptake through the exocarp of all cultivars investigated (`Burlat', `Early Rivers', `Hedelfinger', `Knauffs', `Regina', `Sam', `Summit', and `Van'). Effects of CaCl2 on water uptake were limited to `Burlat', `Early Rivers', and `Hedelfinger'. CaCl2 and FeCl3 both decreased fruit cracking, but FeCl3 was more effective. The mode of action of mineral salts in decreasing water uptake and fruit cracking and their potential for field use are discussed.
responses of eight popular Dieffenbachia cultivars and determine CI symptoms and chilling effects on subsequent growth. Materials and Methods Tissue culture liners of eight popular Dieffenbachia cultivars—Camille, Camouflage, Carina, Octopus
, cultivars Carina, Joker, Red Magic, Etched Salmon, Lovely Rose, and Fairy Princess, which accounted for 20.0% of all cultivars, had no detectable fragrance, whereas 11 cultivars (Dong Fang Hong, Fen Yu Nu, Da Fu Gui, May Lilac, Roselette, Red Charm, Prairie
Capella’), whereas it hastened leaf senescence, manifested as chlorophyll degradation, on eight other sensitive genotypes ( Aglaonema ‘Mary Ann’, Anthurium scherzerianum ‘Red Hot’, Chlorophytum comosum ‘Hawaiian’, Dieffenbachia maculata ‘Carina
The irritant effect of Dieffenbachia sap is attributed to protelytic enxymes but calcium oxalate crystals are considered to puncture cells and allow enzyme entrance. To date, no detailed study of the location, type, or frequency of calcium oxalate crystals in Dieffenbachia species or cultivars has been undertaken. To do so, three uniform tissue culture plantlets of Dieffenbachia `Carina',`Rebecca' or `Star Bright' were transpanted into 15 cm pots, grown in a shaded greenhouse under 385 μmol·m-2·s-1 and fertigated with 20 N-8.7 P-16.6 K water-soluble fertilizer at N concentrations of 200 mg·L-1 twice weekly. Ten weeks later, samples of stem, root, and leaves were taken from 4 pots of each cultivar to determine the distribution and type of calcuium oxalate crystals in each plant organ via polarized light microscopy. Two types of calcium oxlate crystals, raphides and druses, were found in the stem, leaves and roots. Druse density increased as leaves andd stems matured while the number of raphide idioblasts remained relatively constant. Crystal density was highest at lateral initation sites of buds and roots. Significant differences were found in crystal density among cultivars even though `Carina' and `Star Bright' are sports selected from `Camille'. This suggests that reduction of calcium oxalate density of Dieffenbachia cultivars is possible through breeding.
‘Prairie Charm’ (IG), ‘Carina’ (HG), ‘Command Performance’ (HG), ‘Little Red Gem’ (HG), ‘Many Happy Returns’ (HG), and ‘Prairie Moon’ (HG) were composed of three chromosome types: long chromosomes (L), M1, and M2. The genomes of ‘Cytherea’ (HG), ‘Lovely
://doi.org/10.1080/02827580802055978 10.1080/02827580802055978 Paulin, A. 1979 Évolution des glucides dans les divers organes de la rose coupée (var. Carina) alimentée temporairement avec une solution glucose (in French text with English summary
‘Carina Star’ with tissue-non-woven fabric effectively enhanced fruit color compared with unbagged fruit. Table 2. Changes in L*, a*, b*, ΔE* and ripening of ‘Tinker’ and ‘Roma VF’ cherry tomatoes during 8 d of shelf life. Ripening. Uneven
heavily on spurs; tolerant to bacterial spot ( Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni ). Carina. Self-fertile, blooms 4 d before Nonpareil, with very early to early harvest time and kernel-to-shell ratio 29%. Origin: University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South