. Shearman, R.C. 2009 Buffalograss ( Buchloe dactyloides ) turfgrass performance and seed yield characteristics Intl. Turfgrass Soc. Res. J. 11 519 532 Beard, J.B. 1973 Turfgrass science and culture. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Beetle, A.A. 1950
Stolon nodal segments of Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm. were removed from greenhouse grown plants and placed on Gamborg's B5 medium in order to determine nodal position and 2,4-D level required to give maximum callus initiation. 2,4-D levels used were 5uM, 16uM, 35uM, and 50uM. Six nodal segments were grouped according to position on the stolon, from the most recent node (node one) to the basal node (node 6). It was concluded that node 4 gave statistically greater callus mass than nodes 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6. Increasing levels of 2,4-D suppressed callus initiation, with maximum response occurring at 5uM 2,4-D.
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and RAPD fragments are potentially useful methods for identifying turfgrass cultivar breeding lines. RAPD markers were studied in 25 vegetatively propagated buffalograss lines using oligonucleotide random primers and agarose-gel electrophoresis to determine their potential for identifying cultivar breeding lines. The variation of RAPD markers was extensive. The RAPD markers produced by one random primer were sufficient to separate the 25 buffalograss lines. Cluster analysis baaed on' the RAPD markers produced by two random primers revealed that the 25 buffalograss lines generally fell into two groups: diploid and hexaploid. Three DNA extraction methods—sarcosyl lysis-chloroform extraction-isopropanol precipitation, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) lysine-isopropanol precipitation, and boiling in the presence of Chelex-100 resin—and fresh or oven-dried tissues were tested for reproducibility of RAPD markers. The three DNA extraction methods, using dry or fresh plant tissues, produced highly comparable RAPD marker profiles. More than 80%1 of the RAPD markers was consistently detected in six replicate analyses. The above studies demonstrate that small quantities (5 mg) of oven-dried leaf tissue and several DNA extraction methods can be used for buffalograss fingerprint studies.
Buffalograss is native to the Great Plains of North America. Its excellent drought resistance and low growth habit make it a good choice for a low-maintenance turf. A reproducible and efficient regeneration protocol of buffalograss is critical for further genetic transformation. By using immature inflorescences as explants, we have achieved the regeneration of buffalograss of two female clones, `315' and `609', a male clone, NE 84-45-3, and a synthetic cultivar, `Texoka'. Somatic embryogenesis was observed. The medium used for callus initiation was MS basal medium supplemented with various concentrations of 2,4-D and BA. After 4 weeks of dark culture, calli with nodular structures were transferred to the same basal medium supplemented with BA and either a reduced rate of 2,4-D or no 2,4-D. It was demonstrated that 2,4-D at 2 or 3 mg/L is optimal for embryogenic callus production. The presence of BA from 0.1 mg/L to 0.5 mg/L was required for the regeneration of `315', `609', and NE 84-45-3. For `Texoka', 2,4-D at 0.5 mg/L with BA at 0.3 mg/L in the regeneration medium favored normal development of somatic embryos that were capable of germination. A genotypic effect was observed with regard to embryogenic callus production; explants of the male genotype NE 84-45-3 exhibited a higher percentage of embryogenic callus formation than was found for the two female genotypes. A significant seasonal effect was also observed with inflorescences collected in early May exhibiting a higher percentage of callus formation than those collected in the summer and fall.
The use of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers has been shown to be a potentially useful technique for identifying buffalograss breeding lines. Analysis of RAPD markers has also revealed considerable variation within, as well as among, each of four natural buffalograss populations surveyed. Identification of genetic markers for quantitative traits, such as physiological components of tolerance to salt stress, can provide important information for plant improvement programs. The objectives of this study were to develop DNA fingerprints for buffalograss clones selected from an in vitro seedling screening program for survival at high NaCI (200–250 mM) levels, identify markers for future analysis, and assess the variability among the lines. DNA was extracted from leaves of 10 salt-selected and 15 non-selected buffalograss clones. Fifty-two 10-mer primers were screened for ability to produce bands with DNA from four clones as visualized on ethidium-stained agarose gels. Bands were most reproducible with a genomic template DNA concentration of 1 ng–μl–1 reaction volume. Primers selected for ability to produce a moderate number of clear bands were used to produce RAPD profiles of the 25 clones. Abundant polymorphism to distinguish among clones was found. Four primers produced a total of 45 polymorphic markers. The primer 5′-CGGAGAGCCC-3′ produced 11 readily scored markers, allowing identification in 94.67% of pair-wise comparisons. As a group, RAPD profiles of salt-selected clones are more variable than non-selected clones from the same population; however, no unique pattern of markers generated by primers screened to date differentiates all salt-selected clones from the non-selected group.
). Although the original report of B. occiduus as a turfgrass pest was on buffalograss [ Buchloë dactyloides (Nutall) Engelmann], ( Baxendale et al., 1999 ) it has since emerged as a serious pest of zoysiagrass ( Zoysia japonica Steudel) turf in areas of
Buffalograss [ Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.] is a warm-season grass native to the Great Plains of North America ( Wenger, 1943 ), and is commonly established from burs containing three to five caryopses (Beard, 1973; Quinn, 1987 ; Riordan
/week to ensure adequate soil moisture and mown weekly at a height of 5 cm throughout the duration of the trial. Table 1. Treatment regimes z for bermudagrass ( Cynodon dactylon ) conversion to buffalograss ( Buchloe dactyloides ) research trials. Grid
selected for RAPD analysis on the basis of their high levels of polymorphism obtained from the randomly selected samples and were used to analyze all accessions of Buchloe dactyloides. Data collection and statistical analysis. For the statistical
, T.P. 1997 Sod production characteristics of turf-type Buchloe dactyloides Intl. Turfgrass Soc. Res. J. 8 455 465 Gilmore E.C. Jr Rogers, J.S. 1958 Heat units as a method of measuring maturity in corn