Actinidia deliciosa A. Chev. and A. chinensis Planch. are dioecious species that have vegetative and compound buds, with flower clusters produced in the leaf axils of the first four to six nodes. Male and female flowers are perfect
treatments to maintain qualitative characteristics of kiwifruit during cold storage. Materials and Methods Plant material Mature, unripe kiwifruit ( Actinidia deliciosa cv. Hayward) of medium-sized (80 to 120 g) fruits, free from visible defects or decay
Kiwifruit ( Actinidia chinensis Planch. and Actinidia deliciosa A. Chev.; Actinidiae) are woody vining species native to the southern portion of China, where winters are cool, but relatively mild ( Ferguson 1991 ). Plants are dioecious and
California, where the main cultivar grown is Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson ‘Hayward’ ( California Kiwifruit Commission, 2016 ). Emergence of the international kiwifruit industry was led by one cultivar in particular, ‘Hayward
Nodal segments and shoot tips of axenic shoot cultures of `Hayward' kiwifruit were inoculated on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with zeatin at 1 mg·liter-1 and IAA at 0.05 mg·liter-1 (H1) or on MS medium without growth regulators (H2). Inocula cultured on H2 medium all developed into normal plantlets, while those cultured on H1 medium developed into shoots, 18% of them abnormal. Rooting of H1 shoots was induced by a 24-h immersion in a solution of IRA at 20 mg·liter-1. H2 plantlets were directly transferred to soil. Statistical treatment of the results revealed no significant differences, in terms of plant development, between the two micropropagation methods used. However, the presence of a functional root system on 5-week-old H2 plantlets resulted in 100% plant survival, but only 70% of in vivo-rooted shoots from H1 survived. Nevertheless, H1 still allowed for an important reduction of costs and manipulation. Chemical names used: indole3-acetic acid (IAA).
The root structure of kiwifruit was investigated by sequential trenching and eventual removal of whole vines. The vines had a shallow (30 to 60 cm.) spreading root system with few sinker roots. Roots extended beyond the canopy. Radial distribution of major roots arising from the crown was non-uniform. In several instances, roots mimicked the top by tying themselves into knots.
Kiwifruits were picked by hand and gently placed in pulp trays. Impact tests were conducted by dropping the fruits from heights of 30 cm onto different sandpapers to provide a uniform abrasion surface. Abrasion tests were conducted by compressing the fruits with a fixed load of 3.5 N (Instron equipment) onto different sandpapers and pulling out the fruits. Compression test was performed by using the previous procedure with a fixed load of 4.5 N for different period of time (minutes). Increase of transpiration rate and ethylene production was observed in fruits abraded with sandpaper which slight wounded the peel. Impact onto sandpaper, caused the appearance of white lignifted filaments in the flesh. Increase in soluble solids and softness of flesh and core was observed in injured fruits. Healing process and polyamines effect will be discussed.
drought tolerance of each species was assessed. Materials and Methods Plant materials and drought treatments. Five Actinidia species, A. macrosperma (Acma), A. longicarpa (Aclo), A. deliciosa (cultivar Hayward, Acde), A. hemsleyana (Ache), and A
proliferation during refrigerated storage . J Food Process Preserv . 45 : e15309 . Kim KH , Yook HS . 2009 . Effect of irradiation on quality of kiwifruit ( Actinidia deliciosa var. deliciosa cv. Hayward) . Radiat Phys Chem . 78 : 414 – 421
members from kiwifruit and evaluate their response to ethylene and ASA. Materials and Methods Plant material. Kiwifruit ( Actinidia deliciosa cv. Bruno) fruit were harvested at commercial maturity with total soluble solids at around 7 ºBrix