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Conventional overhead watering uses excess water to ensure complete coverage of the entire crop to the point of effective saturation of the root medium or substrate. Under certain conditions, up to 75% of the water and fertilizer applied by overhead

irrigation water usage, many studies have been conducted to determine bedding plants’ responses to water deficits using one of two methods: holding the substrate moisture content (SMC) at a constant level or repeatedly drying down from container capacity (CC

government, and important quality of life items (like food!). However, Florida's high water tables and/or sandy soil textures in conjunction with vulnerable surface and groundwater present challenges to sustainable horticulture. Optimizing horticultural

profitability. Contaminants (such as fertilizers, agrichemicals, and sediment) leaving an operation via runoff water from an agricultural production site are considered nonpoint source pollution and can contribute to the impairment of waterways downstream

floriculture greenhouses and nurseries apply irrigation and fertilization at a high frequency, thus, potentially leading to the contamination of ground and surface water ( Richards and Reed, 2004 ). Reducing volume or frequency of irrigation would not only save

competitive pricing ( Barnes et al., 2014 ). One strategy for increasing profits is to reduce production inputs, such as irrigation water, fertilizer, plant growth regulators (PGR), overhead (i.e., bench space), and labor. Applying liquid fertilizer with each

Retail environments for marketing floriculture crops have a wide range of light levels and temperature. One common characteristic is that irrigation is almost never optimum as a result of untrained personnel or understaffing. Watering practices at

Alternative water sources provide an opportunity to reduce the demand for potable water. Greywater could provide homeowners and municipalities with an alternative irrigation source. One common chemical characteristic of greywater is high salt

Water availability is becoming limited across many areas of the United States. In recent years, deficit irrigation, or application of water at levels less than maximum evapotranspiration (ET) demand, has been practiced as a strategy to minimize

their availability, favorable physical properties, and lack of detrimental chemical constituents ( Handreck and Black, 2002 ). A saleable containerized crop can be produced quickly in bark substrates; however, water and nutrient uptake efficiencies may