Change in fruit volatile production is one of the main processes occurring during fruit ripening and senescence. Fatty acid-derived straight-chain aldehydes produced through the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway are widely found in many fruit ( Baldwin
Air sampling using Tenax, a selective solid absorbent, was performed from spawning to pinning over the duration of four mushroom crops of Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach (Fungi; Agricaceae). The contents of the air sampling tubes were thermally desorbed directly to a gas chromatograph-mass selective detector. In two crops 3-octanone and 1-octen3-ol were detected 12 to 13 days after spawning. These two compounds were also detected after compost was added at casing (CAC) and the ketone was present in large quantities. Air sampling of a 10-g sample of spawned compost vs. unspawned compost confirmed that these two compounds were of fungal origin. Bags of spawned compost were used to determine the effects of a CAC layer, a soybean supplement, and Spawn Mate on the volatiles released by the spawned compost. The CAC layer and the soybean supplement selectively absorbed 1-octen-3-ol and, to a lesser extent, 3-octanone. The addition of Spawn Mate to the compost at spawning did not alter the quantity or ratio of 3-octanone to 1-octen-3-ol released by the spawned compost.
There are three main systems for the removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from controlled atmosphere (CA) stores: activated carbon (AC) scrubber, hydrated lime scrubber, and nitrogen (N2) flushing. Each system is likely to have a different effect on the accumulation of volatiles other than CO2 in the store atmosphere, and these volatiles may influence the storage performance of the produce. `Hayward' kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) were stored at 0 °C (32.0 °F) under 2% oxygen (O2) and 5% CO2 in CA rooms fitted with one of the three systems. In a fourth CA room, fruit were stored at 0 °C under air conditions. All four stores had their atmosphere scrubbed for ethylene. The store atmospheres and fruit firmness were monitored at intervals up to 27 or 14 weeks of storage in the 1999 or 2000 season, respectively. At the end of CA storage, and after an additional 4 weeks of air storage at 0 °C, fruit were evaluated for rots and physiological pitting. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) showed the three CO2 removal systems altered the volatile profiles of the store atmospheres differently. CA storage delayed fruit softening markedly, and once returned to air, softening resumed at a rate equivalent to that of fruit of equivalent firmness that had not been CA stored. There was little effect of CO2 removal system on the fruit softening during storage. Although CA storage resulted in a higher incidence of rots, there was little difference among CO2 removal systems compared to the main effect between air and CA storage. Similarly, CA storage delayed the appearance of physiological pitting, although the incidence increased rapidly during an additional 4 weeks of storage in air, and was higher than for fruit stored throughout in air. Among the CO2 removal systems, N2 flushing resulted in fruit with the lowest incidence of physiological pitting. It is concluded that different CO2 removal systems alter room volatile profiles but may not consistently affect the quality of `Hayward' kiwifruit during CA storage.
many biological studies, little, if anything, is known about its floral volatile chemistry. Globe amaranth is an outcrossing species. Flowers of globe amaranth are visited by butterflies, bees, and other insects. For plants that are cross
, scientists have also lumped together common and/or important volatiles observed and sensory attributes in these highly related Citrus species into what is termed a “consensus approach” ( Miyazaki et al., 2011a ; Miyazawa et al., 2010 ; Perez-Cacho and
treatment. Among aroma compounds, esters are apparently the volatiles most affected by CO 2 -enriched atmospheres. The levels of ethyl acetate and ethyl butyrate increased over isopropyl, propyl, and butyl acetates in ‘Chandler’ strawberries at 5 °C in 50
The use of ornamental plants in interiorscapes is increasingly being studied for their ability to remove volatile organic compounds, thereby improving the air quality of indoor environments ( Kim et al., 2008 ; Yoo et al., 2006 ). Deterioration of
fragrance is an evolutionary adaptation of plants to attract pollinators and resist herbivores; it also enhances the aesthetic value of ornamental plants ( Dudareva et al., 2004 ; Scalliet et al., 2008 ). At present, more than 1700 floral volatile
(TA), pH, soluble solids content (SSC), volatiles (only ‘Hamlin’), microbial population, texture, appearance (only ‘Hamlin’), and flavor. Microbial assays. For each replication, three representative slices were taken from each container and
was 3,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-trithiolane and nonsulfurous odorant was ethyl 2-methylbutanoate ( Baldry et al., 1972 ; Boelens et al., 1974 ; Weenen et al., 1996 ). Sapodilla produces a relatively small quantity of aroma volatiles (in total ≈5 μg·kg −1 of