values of h can be no more than 100 cm. This range of tension is ideally suited for soilless substrates. Personal observation ( Buamscha et al., 2007 ) as well as those published by others ( Gizas and Savvas, 2007 ; Karlovich and Fonteno, 1986 ; Milks
from a standard 20N–4.4P–16.6K greenhouse liquid fertilizer, applied at 7.14 mmol·L −1 nitrogen (N) (100 mg·L −1 ; typical for liquid feed in soilless substrates), provides 0.7 mmol·L −1 (22 mg·L −1 ) P. This is more than 10 times higher than the P
., 2010 ). In contrast, the influence of biochars on soilless substrates used in greenhouse and nursery containers has not been studied adequately, and only a few citations, summarized previously ( Altland and Locke, 2012 ), are tangentially relevant to
one or more other materials to create an infinite number of possible substrates. Yeager and Newton (2001) reported that at a hands-on workshop in Hillsborough County, FL, nurseries brought 40 soilless substrates used for containerized nursery
containers with soilless substrate and highly controlled fertigation management systems ( Voogt et al., 2014 ). Although nurseries have been growing blueberry in soilless substrate for many years, the concept of commercial fruit production in containers is a
The majority of all specialty crops spend a portion of their lifecycle in a container which uses soilless substrates. About 66% of the total $13 billion in annual greenhouse, floriculture, nursery crops sold annually were produced in containers
not consider effects on other plant health drivers, such as soil-borne diseases. The overarching goal of this study was to assess how shifts in soilless substrate use influence plant health directly and under both water-use reduction and pathogen
-analysis caution that there was a greater number of increased yield results reported for studies that occurred in weathered or degraded soils that had prior limited fertility and productivity. The influence of biochars on soilless substrates used in greenhouse and
Soilless culture is typical in vegetable and ornamental plant production as soilless substrates are virtually free of pests and disease, with superior water and oxygen availability compared with soils ( Raviv and Lieth, 2008 ). Physical and chemical
Soilless substrates containing wood fiber are increasingly being used for the production of containerized floriculture crops in the United States. This is partially a result of increasing concerns regarding the environmental sustainability of