optimal transplant. Sodium is not an essential nutrient for plants ( Maathuis, 2014 ). In addition, as a monovalent ion (Na + ) with small atomic radius, Na has a high affinity for substrate adsorption sites and is a major contributor to substrate
herbicides for roughstalk bluegrass control are bispyribac-sodium {2,6-bis[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)oxy] benzoic acid} and sulfosulfuron (1-[4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl]-3-{[2-ethanesulfonyl-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridine-3-yl] sulfonyl}) urea. Bispyribac-sodium
·m −1 . Fig. 1. Change in leaf water potential of sea hibiscus over 72 h for plants grown in deionized water with salt added to create an electrical conductivity (EC) of 0, 2.1, 4.2, 6.1, or 8.2 dS·m −1 (0, 240, 420, 510, or 1010 mg·L −1 sodium
NaN 3 treatments and LD 30 and LD 50 at 2 weeks. LD = lethal dose; NaN 3 = sodium azide; ROW = reverse osmosis water. NaN 3 has been used successfully in many plants. The effects and permeation of NaN 3 depend on the plant genotypes, nature of
an optimized concentration of PGR for producing compact plants. Dikegulac sodium [18.5% dikegulac sodium (Augeo ® ; OHP, Mainland, PA)] is a PGR labeled to reduce or break apical dominance in plant shoots and to enhance lateral branching by disrupting
PRG injury ( Dernoeden and Turner, 1988 ; Lee, 1981 ). Safe and effective annual bluegrass control with ETHO and other herbicides in CBG, however, has been inconsistent ( Dernoeden, 2002 ; Vargas and Turgeon, 2004 ). Bispyribac-sodium [2,6-bis({4
contact between irrigation solution and leaves, vines were vertically staked and lateral shoot growth was removed 7 d before the initiation of a salt treatment. Starting on day 57, a 25-m m sodium chloride (NaCl) irrigation solution was applied daily by
). Fig. 1. The effect of increasing sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration in irrigation water during a 5-week treatment period on substrate pour-thru electrical conductivity (EC). Data are means of five randomly selected plants per NaCl treatment; 1 dS
( Prunus avium ) fruit production ( Bhatti et al., 1995 ). Bispyribac-sodium is widely used in California rice fields for the control of grass species such as early watergrass ( Echinochloa oryzoides ), late watergrass ( Echinochloa oryzicola
with unacceptable Kentucky bluegrass injury ( Adams, 1989 ; Dernoeden and Turner, 1988 ). Aside from ethofumesate, there are currently no selective herbicides labeled for control of established annual bluegrass in Kentucky bluegrass. Bispyribac-sodium