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genes, it was proposed that phloem sap contains bona fide small regulatory RNA ( Eckardt, 2004 ; Yoo et al., 2004 ). By using heterografting techniques with cucumber as scion and pumpkin as stock, Lucas's group at the University of California at Davis

grafted in March or April when stock plants are dormant, a busy season for Christmas tree growers. Efforts to identify alternative grafting dates have been unsuccessful ( Hibbert-Frey et al., 2010 ). Origin of scion material within the tree crown might

; Penella et al., 2017 ; Sabatino et al., 2018 ; Suchoff et al., 2019 ). In some cases, rootstocks provide scions an altered root architecture that reduces requirements for water and fertilizer inputs compared with nongrafted plants ( Colla et al., 2010

Elucidating how dwarfing apple rootstocks modify scion architecture and the precise time after propagation when this first starts is essential to identify clearly those processes that are the first physiological causes of rootstock-induced scion

Similar scion and rootstock growth rates produce strong graft unions in fruit and nut trees. A SRR close to one provides a strong graft union as well as a uniform exterior surface for trunk-shaking harvesters. ‘Kerman’, which has been the standard

scion/rootstocks to gain inferences about possible HLB tolerance. Materials and Methods Although a replicated, full factorial of standards and putatively tolerant scions each on the same rootstock would have been ideal, when this research was started

Apr.) that were 2 to 3 mm (0.08 to 0.12 inch) in diameter. (B) Splitting the center of the epicotyl. (C) Sloping cut through the scion on both sides. (D) Fitting and inserting the scion. (E) The completed graft. (F) New graft in the container. (G) 45 d

67% at 33 months ( Akinnifesi et al., 2007 ). Therefore, early evaluation of scion/stock combinations is important for successful orchard establishment and productivity. However, there is no scientific research devoted to graft incompatibility in U

were the scion end of the stem, the graft union, the rootstock stem portion, and the rootstock crown. For nongrafted plants, the stem was visually divided into four segments that matched these four parts. Fruit yield and quality. Harvest occurred on 5

limited the availability of trees for commercial production in the United States ( Warmund, 2011 ; Weber and MacDaniels, 1969 ). Early researchers speculated that graft failure was caused by scion/rootstock incompatibility with restricted flow of