biochar on weed RSA was examined. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of two types of biochar on root growth and RSA of large crabgrass ( D. sanguinalis L. Scop.) using a rhizobox mesocosm. Large crabgrass is a common and problematic
described rhizobox system ( Schreiber and Nunez, 2021 ). Rhizoboxes contained ≈1.7 L of a substrate composed of 70% hydrated coconut coir (SpongEase TM , Enroot 65 Products LLC, Cromwell, CT) and 30% horticultural-grade perlite (American Garden Perlite, 66
A simple flatbed-scanner-based image acquisition system was developed for the measurement of `Gala'/M9 (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) apple tree root growth in rhizoboxes with a transparent acrylic sheet on one side. A tree was planted in the center of each rhizobox, and a modified flatbed scanner was periodically used to directly capture high-resolution digital images of roots growing against the transparent wall. Total root length in the images was either measured manually, or by computer mouse tracing, or automatically with a computer image analysis system. Correlations were made among the different measurements. High quality root images were obtained with the adapted scanner system. Significant linear relationships were found between manual and computer traced root length measurements (r = 0.99), traced and automatic measurements (r = 0.76) and manual and automatic measurements (r = 0.75). Apple roots appeared on the transparent wall 34 days after transplanting, and grew rapidly thereafter, reaching a maximum on the transparent wall 59 days after transplanting. Our results showed that the use of a flatbed scanner for the acquisition of root images combined with computer analysis is a promising technique to speed data acquisition in root growth investigations.
Malus hupehensis Reld apple rootstock seedlings and the rhizobox technique were used in this study. The seeds were collected from healthy mature trees at the Wanshougong Forest Farm in Shandong, China, stratified at 0 to 2 °C for 60 days, sown into growing medium with 1/3 loam soil+1/3 silt sand+1/3 compost manure, grown until the three-leaf stage, and then transplanted into rhizoboxes with four plants in each box. The rhizoboxes were inserted into the ground with the top of the boxes levelled with the soil surface. After the root mattress formed in the center of the box, plants were harvested by carefully dividing each box into rhizoplane, rhizosphere, and bulk soil, and mineral nutrients in each part were analyzed. The relationships were tested between the rhizoplane, rhizosphere, and bulk soil for each nutrent. Significant correlations were found for NH + 4, NO – 3, K, Mg, Zn, and Cu in the rhizoplane, rhizosphere, and bulk soil. There were significant relationships for P and Ca between the rhizoplane and rhizophere, but not between the rhizoplane or rhizosphere and bulk soil. Fe in the rhizoplane closely related to Fe in the rhizosphere but not to Fe in bulk soil. No correlation was found between the rhizoplane and either rhizosphere or bulk soil, but close correlation existed between rhizosphere and bulk soil for Mn.
about the root development and architecture of fruit trees, 10 [1.5 × 1.5 × 3 m (length × width × height)] rhizoboxes were constructed in a greenhouse. The bottom and the side walls of each rhizobox were built of reinforced concrete, and there were eight
soil rhizosphere following amendments with compost and its soluble fractions, as evaluated by combined soil–plant rhizobox and reporter gene systems Chemosphere 73 1292 1299 Rice, W.R. 1989 Analyzing tables of statistical tests Evolution 43 223 225
were deceased after planting relative to their concentrations before planting. There were negligible changes in pH values with the treatments used in this study. Accordingly, Vysloužilová et al. (2006) found that soil pH did not differ among rhizobox