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Heins, 2002 ). One of the limitations of photoselective (P) polyethylene (PE) films is that they reduce photosynthetic photon flux density ( PPFD ) affecting the photosynthetic rate of the plants ( Wilson and Rajapakse, 2001 ). Furthermore, light

2.5 cm by 2.0 cm impermeable polyethylene plastic zip-lock bag (S-15165; Uline, Pleasant Prairie, WI), weighed using an electronic analytic balance (AJ100; Mettler Toledo, Columbus, OH), and the dry weight was recorded before the harvest. For each

Abbreviation: PE, polyethylene. 1 Professor. 2 Associate Professor. 3 Former Graduate Assistant Current address: Univ. of Vermont Extension Service, Box 2430, Brattleboro, VT 05301. Cornell Univ. Dept. of Fruit and Vegetable Science paper no. 21

leaves removed ( Decoteau, 1990 ). Various cultural practices and environmental factors have profound effects on crop development resulting in modified overall canopy structure and appearance. In commercial tomato production, polyethylene (plastic

Polyethylene mulch is traditionally used in the production of some fruits and vegetables to maintain soil moisture and increase soil temperature, control weeds, improve crop quality, and increase yield ( Emmert, 1957 ). In the United States, 1

, has been widely used under polyethylene mulch for effective weed control in vegetable production, including bell pepper ( Duniway, 2002 ). However, because of its ozone-depleting potential, methyl bromide is being phased out from the U.S. agricultural

Polyethylene-mulched vegetables are planted on ≈70,000 acres in Florida ( Olson, 2004 ). One of the main problems in plasticulture is nutsedge control, because of its ability to penetrate through mulch films and to reduce crop yields severely

524 Mexal, J. Fisher, J.T. Osteryoung, J. Reid, C.P. 1975 Oxygen availability in polyethylene glycol solutions and its implications in plant-water relations Plant Physiol. 55 20 24 Michel, B.E. Kaufmann, M.R. 1973 The osmotic potential of polyethylene

northeastern United States to reduce tillage by decreasing weed pressure and maintaining prepared beds before planting. Tarps are reusable sheets of 0.15-mm (5–6 mil) opaque polyethylene impermeable to water and sized to cover multiple crop rows at one time

et al., 2017 ; Rodríguez-Seijo and Pereira, 2019 ). Of particular concern are the environmental impacts associated with the use and disposal of low-density polyethylene plastic mulch films for crop production ( He et al., 2015 ; Kasirajan and