, many species have become popular as perennials and woody subshrubs for landscape beds and water-wise gardens. To serve this increasing interest, breeders have offered new cultivars and hybrids of many sage species. Most sages prefer full sun and well
temperatures. This impairment associated with cold temperatures has been demonstrated in a wide variety of perennials ( Dimke et al., 2008 ). Under these conditions, growers may use thermal blankets, unheated coldframes, and heated greenhouses to protect
, and industrial applications ( Vaisey-Genser and Morris, 2003 ). Linum also contains a large number of wild perennial species that are distributed throughout the temperate and subtropical regions of Europe, Asia, and North America ( Bolsheva et al
., 2013 ), a review of the literature suggested repeated tilling, herbicide applications, or both are better methods for perennial weed management than other strategies such as grazing, solarization, or burning ( Aldrich, 2002 ). Studies comparing the
leading to increased cell wall plasticity, nucleic acid metabolism, and uncontrolled growth in meristimatic regions ( Sterling and Hall, 1997 ). A new synthetic auxin, aminocyclopyrachlor, was registered in 2010 for annual and perennial broadleaf weed
Overseeding a permanent grass such as bermudagrass with perennial ryegrass complicates spring transition, because perennial ryegrass is usually growing optimally and its upright growth shades the base grass. Although interstand competition between
Over the past decade, the United States herbaceous perennial sector, including garden chrysanthemum ( Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat.) and hosta ( Hosta Tratt. sp.) categories, increased by 43% from 2005 to 2015 ( USDA, 2006 , 2016 ). To meet
In the United States, coral bell ( Heuchera hybrida L.) production increased by 167% ($14.4 million USD) from 1997 to 2014 ( USDA, 1998 , 2015 ). The increasing consumer demand for this herbaceous perennial is because of their colorful foliage and
bluegrass can be selectively controlled in creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis stolonifera L.), perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.), and tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) with an acetolactate synthase inhibitor, bispyribac-sodium ( Lycan and Hart
. Mineral nutrient recommendations for woody, perennial plant production include daily applications of 50 to 100 mg·L −1 N, 10 to 20 mg·L −1 P, and 25 to 50 mg·L −1 K in a 5:1:3 N:P:K ratio ( Wright and Niemiera, 1987 ). Schnelle and White (2004