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for his support with herbicide applications and evaluations; Bert Bishop for his valuable guidance with statistical analysis; John Elliott for crop management, especially during frost control periods; and Cathy Herms and Joel Felix for reviewing this

Growers and landscapers are often faced with weed problems in ornamentals that cannot be controlled with selective herbicides. In landscape situations, glyphosate is mainly used as a nonselective herbicide. However, researchers have reported that

poor shade tolerances, heavy thatch/mat accumulation, and disease susceptibility ( Bunnell et al., 2005 ; White, 1998 ; White et al., 2004 ). These cultivars are also sensitive to herbicides and plant growth regulators used for managing higher

allow practitioners to replant areas following weed control with herbicides ( Beard, 1973 ). Cool-season grasses and winter annuals are often problematic weeds in bermudagrass during spring and early summer. Actively growing weeds may out

along sidewalks and drives, herbicide control of purslane may be necessary. Labels of many turfgrass herbicides list purslane as a weed species controlled, but limited published research is available on herbicide control of purslane in turf. Several

or hayfields that receive frequent mowing whereas plants growing in undisturbed areas may exhibit varying degrees of sexual and asexual reproduction. Herbicides are important tools for weed control in turfgrass and other areas and can be particularly

stressors such as adverse environments, air pollution, or pests ( Haugen et al., 2000 ). Haugen et al. (2000) and WDATCP (2003) proposed that insect feeding, environmental factors, or herbicide drift could cause leaf tatters. Our preliminary research

( Centaurea maculosa ), and wild carrot ( Daucus carota ). Herbicide resistance in annual weeds is always a potential problem, and resistance to herbicides targeting photosystem II (PS II) has been confirmed for redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus ) and

sweetpotato yield ( Smith et al., 2020 ). To manage weeds, sweetpotato growers use herbicides, between-row cultivation, mowing, and hand removal. Currently, 10 herbicides are registered for managing weeds in season ( Kemble, 2020 ). Those commonly used are

three annual herbicide applications per nursery ( Gilliam et al., 1990 ; Mathers, 1999 ). Yet, control options for mugwort are limited due in part to challenges presented by herbicide costs, herbicide phytosafety across desirable crop commodities