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for his support with herbicide applications and evaluations; Bert Bishop for his valuable guidance with statistical analysis; John Elliott for crop management, especially during frost control periods; and Cathy Herms and Joel Felix for reviewing this

stages of crop growth can result in major yields losses resulting from the competition for nutrients, water, sunlight, and space. There are limited herbicide options available for Brassica growers ( Kemble, 2017 ). Controlling weeds PRE in turnips and

Growers and landscapers are often faced with weed problems in ornamentals that cannot be controlled with selective herbicides. In landscape situations, glyphosate is mainly used as a nonselective herbicide. However, researchers have reported that

poor shade tolerances, heavy thatch/mat accumulation, and disease susceptibility ( Bunnell et al., 2005 ; White, 1998 ; White et al., 2004 ). These cultivars are also sensitive to herbicides and plant growth regulators used for managing higher

allow practitioners to replant areas following weed control with herbicides ( Beard, 1973 ). Cool-season grasses and winter annuals are often problematic weeds in bermudagrass during spring and early summer. Actively growing weeds may out

along sidewalks and drives, herbicide control of purslane may be necessary. Labels of many turfgrass herbicides list purslane as a weed species controlled, but limited published research is available on herbicide control of purslane in turf. Several

Auxin herbicides have been registered for postemergence control of broadleaf weeds in agricultural crops for more than 50 years ( Peterson et al., 2016 ). Since their initial development, different formulations of auxin herbicides, such as 2,4-D

or hayfields that receive frequent mowing whereas plants growing in undisturbed areas may exhibit varying degrees of sexual and asexual reproduction. Herbicides are important tools for weed control in turfgrass and other areas and can be particularly

stressors such as adverse environments, air pollution, or pests ( Haugen et al., 2000 ). Haugen et al. (2000) and WDATCP (2003) proposed that insect feeding, environmental factors, or herbicide drift could cause leaf tatters. Our preliminary research

( Centaurea maculosa ), and wild carrot ( Daucus carota ). Herbicide resistance in annual weeds is always a potential problem, and resistance to herbicides targeting photosystem II (PS II) has been confirmed for redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus ) and