Cider gum (Eucalyptus gunnii Hook. F.), Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don), and camphor tree [Cinnamonium camphora (L.) J. Presl] were evaluated in a field study comparing the effects of herbicides on tree growth. Trees were planted on 13 May 1983 and treated on 20 May 1983, 10 Apr. 1984, and 4 Oct. 1984 with simazine, oryzalin, napropamide, and oxyfluorfen. Glyphosate was applied as a postemergence treatment in all basins on 20 Mar. 1984. None of the herbicides injured the trees. Trunk circumferencesin treated plots increased as much as 553% over untreated plots. All species showed a positive response to increasing weed control. Chemical names used: 6-chloro-N,N'-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (simazine); 3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfanilamide (oryzalin); N,N-diethyl-2-(1-naphthalenyloxy)-propanamide (napropamide); 2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (oxyfluorfen); N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate).
Pitch canker, caused by Fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini, causes branch dieback and stem cankers in many species of pine. Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don), one of the most widely planted pines in the world, is extremely susceptible to pitch canker. Four other pine species, which might serve as alternatives to Monterey pine in landscape settings, were found to be relatively resistant, based on the size of lesions resulting from branch inoculations under greenhouse conditions. Of these species, Japanese black pine (P. thunbergiana Franco) was the most resistant, followed by Canary Island pine (P. canariensis Sweet ex K. Spreng), Italian stone pine (P. pinea L.), and Aleppo pine (P. halepensis Mill.). Consistent with these findings, a field survey conducted in Alameda County, Calif., revealed Monterey pine to have the highest incidence of infection, with significantly lower levels in Aleppo, Canary Island, and Italian stone pines. Japanese black pine was not observed in the survey area.
Pitch canker, caused by Fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini, causes branch die-back and stem cankers in many species of pine. Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don), one of the most widely planted pines in the world, is extremely susceptible to pitch canker. Four other pine species, which might serve as alternatives to Monterey pine in landscape settings, were found to be relatively resistant, based on the size of lesions resulting from branch inoculations under greenhouse conditions. Of these species, Japanese black pine (P. thunbergiana Franco) was the most resistant, followed by Canary Island pine (P. canariensis Sweet ex K. Spreng), Italian stone pine (P. pinea L.), and Aleppo pine (P. halepensis Mill.). Consistent with these findings, a field survey conducted in Alameda County, Calif., revealed Monterey pine to have the highest incidence of infection, with significantly lower levels in Aleppo, Canary Island, and Italian stone pines. Japanese black pine was not observed in the survey area.
Abstract
Morphactins, mixed with non-phytotoxic paraffinic, low molecular weight oil, were applied as bark bands and tested for growth inhibition of trees growing under field conditions. Three species were tested: Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don.), olive (Olea europaea L. cv. Manzanillo) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill). Shoot elongation was inhibited in all three species, but sensitivity to the treatment varied.
Abstract
Root pruning and care during the first two nursery transplantings of 4 tree species significantly increased the percentage of plants with good root systems. The 4 species were Eucalyptus sideroxylon A. Cunn., red iron bark; Pinus radiata D. Don., Monterey pine; Pistacia chinensis Bunge., Chinese pistache; and Quercus ilex L., holly oak. The percentage of trees with good root systems decreased the longer seedlings stayed in the seed flat and in peat pot liners, particularly those not root pruned. In all but one case, the earlier plants were moved from the seed flat into peat pots and on into into gallon cans, the more the plants grew in caliper and height.
Plants root pruned during the early moves were larger than those not root pruned. However, root pruning at the later moves resulted in smaller plants than those moved earlier or than those moved at the same time but not root pruned. The combination of lengths of time in the seed flat and in the peat pot (time in the greenhouse) which resulted in the best combination of quality root systems and large plants was only 1/2 to 2/3 the time now common nursery practice (90-120 days).
Landsberg, 1989 ), western hemlock ( O'Reilly et al., 1989 ), Monterey pine ( Kaufmann, 1977 ), red oak ( Larson and Whitmore, 1970 ), and douglas fir ( Haase and Rose, 1995 ; Rose et al., 1993 ). Similarly, Cameron et al. (2004) found that the shoot
when the weed-free area around the trees increased ( Rose and Ketchum, 2002 ). In research trials with monterey pine ( Pinus radiata ), removing weed competition increased volumetric soil moisture 5% to 9%. The increase in available moisture increased
. Cato and Richardson (1996) reported 99% paternal and 1% maternal inheritance of cp DNA in monterey pine ( Pinus radiata D. Don). Grivet et al. (1999) reported 94 offspring with paternal mt DNA and two with maternal DNA in norway spruce [ Picea abies
been successfully used for the stable transformation of recalcitrant plants such as wheat, monterey pine ( Pinus radiata ), banana ( Musa acuminata ), lentil, and radish ( Raphanus sativus ) ( Acereto-Escoffie et al., 2005 ; Adesoye et al., 2010
:1013307822575 Kimber, W. Glatz, R. Caon, G. Roocke, D. 2010 Diaeretus essigellae Stary and Zuparko (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiini), a biological control for Monterey pine aphid, Essigella california (Essig) (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Cinarini