development rate differed among species and cultivars ( Table 2 ). Temperature (10 to 28 °C) did not affect development rate of ‘Jade Necklace’ kebab bush, ‘Lola’ echeveria, ‘Green Ice’ gasteraloe, and lithops ( Table 2 ). In contrast, leaf-unfolding rate per
CO2 assimilation rate of Crassula hybrid `Himaturi', a succulent ornamental species with the crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthetic pathway, was affected by light intensity (50, 100, 300 μmol·m–2·s–1), photoperiod (16/8, 8/16 h day/night), and temperature (30/25, 25/20 °C day/night). Maximum assimilation of CO2 occurred at 300 μmol·m–2·s–1 of diurnal irradiance, 16/8 h day/night photoperiod, and a day/night temperature of 30/25 °C. Diurnal CO2 assimilation patterns of nine succulent ornamental CAM species were evaluated (300 μmol·m–2 s–1, 35/25 °C day/night and a 16/8-h day/night photoperiod) for CO2 fixation. Of the nine ornamentals, Crassula `Himaturi' had the highest and Echeveria derembergii the lowest maximum CO2 absorption rate (13.0 vs 2.4 μmol kg–1·s–1), total nighttime (179.3 vs 13.4 mmol·kg–1), and 24 h total (200.6 vs 19.0 mmol·kg–1) absorption. Based on the CO2 assimilation patterns, the nine ornamentals were separated into two groups: 1) full CAM (Faucaria tigrina, Gasteria gracilis var. minima, Haworthia cymbiformis, and Haworthia fasciata); and 2) weakly CAM (Adromischus clarifolius, Crassula hybrids `Moonglow' and `Himaturi', E. derembergii, and Haworthia retusa).
Adaptation parameters as leaf width, leaf length, mesophyll thickness, number of adaxial and abaxial stomata, and biomass were measured in eight stonecrop species (Crassulaceaae), spider plant (Chlorophytum comosum), and maria’s heart (Peperomia tepoztecoana) in vertical greenery system (VGS) and containers (POT). Statistical significance among parameters was probed by t test and principal component analysis was performed to detect global morphological changes. Mexican gem (Echeveria elegans), graptosedum (× Graptosedum ‘Vera Higgins’), lavender scallops (Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi), coppertone sedum (Sedum nussbaumerianum), ghost plant (Graptopetalum paraguayense), and jelly-beans (Sedum rubrotinctum) were the species that did not change significantly their morphological traits during growth in the VGS. This provides evidence of the potential for these species to be used in green walls or any VGS while maintaining their characteristic shape and beauty. Graptopetalum (Graptopetalum macdougalli), gray sedum (Sedum griseum), maria’s heart, and spider plant showed changes in its morphology during growth in the VGS when compared with growth in POT, indicating a lower potential for adaption to VGS.
( Codiaeum variegatum ) caused by P. nicotianae , and a root and basal rot of echeveria ( Echeveria sp.) caused by Pythium myriotylum ( Sanahuja et al., 2016a , 2016b ; Suarez et al., 2016 ). These new and newly emerging diseases are affecting popular
[parlor palm ( Chamaedorea elegans ), heartleaf philodendron ( Philodendron oxycardium ), or garden croton ( Codiaeum variegatum )], kokedama of corn plant ( Dracaena fragrans ), and echeveria [peacock echeveria ( Echeveria peacocki ) or Echeveria
( Heide, 1994 ). The critical temperature for heading in Festuca pratensis was 15 °C under SD and 12 °C under LD (followed by LD) ( Heide, 1988 ), which is very similar to Hatiora . Trifolium repens ( Thomas, 1961 ) and Echeveria harmsii ( Rünger
.J. Jeong, B.R. 2011 Micropropagation of Cotoneaster wilsonii Nakai - A rare endemic ornamental plant Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 105 55 63 Solís, J.J. Reyna, M. Feria, M. Cardona, M.A. Rojas, D. 2013 In vitro propagation of Echeveria elegans , a
( Peperomia ), and planting plants ( Ardisia pusilla , Crassula ovata ‘ Gollum ’, Cupressus macrocarpa , Echeveria ‘ Prolifica ’, Fittonia verschaffeltii , Fittonia v. var. argyroneura , Orostachys japonicas , Pelargonium inquinans , Scindapusus