`Gardiner Delicious'/MM.lO6 apple (Malus domestics Borkh.) trees were initially sprayed in 1985 with paclobutrazol (PB) at 250 mg.liter-1 at tight cluster and again on 10 and 25 June and 29 July. From 1986 through 1988, PB sprays of 85 or 100 mg·liter-1 were applied at either petal fall (PF) + 2 or PF + 4 weeks and one to two additional sprays were applied per year when growth resumed. Promalin was applied to one group of trees that received PB starting at PF + 2 weeks. PB reduced terminal, lateral, and total shoot growth the year of application and in subsequent years. Although average shoot length of lateral and terminal shoots was reduced, the greatest reduction in growth occurred because PB prevented spurs from growing into lateral and terminal shoots. Compared to unsprayed trees, PB reduced pruning time in all 4 years by 23% to 70%. PB increased bloom only the first year after application, but increased fruit set for 2 years due to a carryover effect. Application of PB in 1985 caused a reduction in fruit size, sometimes in soluble solids concentration, length: diameter (L : D) ratio, and pedicel length. Promalin either overcame the reduction in the ratio or increased it in 1986. Reduced rates of PB in subsequent years caused few adverse effects on the fruit. PB increased flesh firmness when applied at PF + 2 weeks but not at PF + 4 weeks. Trees treated with PB produced fruit with higher flesh Ca and less bitter pit, cork spot, and senescent breakdown following regular air storage. Chemical names used: ß -(4 -chlorophenyl)methyl α -(1,1-dimethylethyl) -1H-l,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol, PB); gibberellins A4+7 plus N-(phenylmethyl) -1H-purine-6-amine (Promalin).
in Florida and other regions so that pineberries can be grown at scale and made available to the public. The Florida Pearl ® ‘FL 16.78-109’ pineberry (hereafter referred to as ‘FL 16.78-109’; U.S. PP33,477) has an attractive white color with a pink
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doi: 10.1104/pp.33.3.185 10.1104/pp.33.3.185 Solomakhin, A. Blanke, M. 2010 Can coloured hailnets improve taste (sugar, sugar: Acid ratio), consumer appeal (colouration) and nutritional value (anthocyanin, vitamin C) of apple fruit
.S. Heins, R.D. 2001 Specific functions of red, far red, and blue light in flowering and stem extension of long-day plants J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 126 275 282 10.1146/annurev.pp.33.060182.002405 Smith, H. 1982 Light quality, photoperception, and plant
. Basu, C. Meinhardt-Wollweber, M. Roth, B. 2015 LEDs for energy efficient greenhouse lighting Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 49 139 147 doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.117 10.1146/annurev.pp.33.060182.002405 Smith, H. 1982 Light quality, photoperception, and
. Vaštakaitė, V. Novičkovas, A. Viškelienė, A. Sasnauskas, A. Duchovskis, P. 2017 Blue light dosage affects carotenoids and tocopherols in microgreens Food Chem. 228 50 56 doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.144 10.1104/pp.33.3.185 Siegelman, H.W. Hendricks, S
. 1982 Light quality, photoperception, and plant strategy Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 33 481 518 10.1146/annurev.pp.33.060182.002405 Thomas, B. 2006 Light signals and flowering J. Expt. Bot. 57 3387 3393 10.1093/jxb/erl071 Turnbull, M.H. Yates, D.J. 1993
plants Physiol. Plant. 49 88 92 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1980.tb08653.x Farquhar, G.D. Sharkey, T.D. 1982 Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 33 317 345 10.1146/annurev.pp.33.060182.001533 Guan, W. Zhao, X. 2014 Techniques for
approved for release in 2020, and patented as US PP33,636. Distribution during the life of the patent is limited to requestors licensed to propagate. Licensing information can be obtained through the USDA-ARS Office of Technology Transfer. ‘Cordial’ is