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containerized plant production ( Weston, 2005 ). However, wood chips and leaf mulches from several woody perennials, including southern redcedar and southern magnolia, may contain water-soluble natural products with phytotoxic activities and they could therefore
the “sandwich” system ( Weibel et al., 2007 ), which tills the sides of the tree row while maintaining a narrow cover crop strip in the tree line, is hypothesized to discourage meadow vole activity. Wood chip mulch has performed well for weed control
(Sept.), and 28 °C (Oct.). The only rainfall events occurred 26 May and 4 June (0.4 inch each). In Expt. 1, pre-and postemergent herbicides and wood chip mulch were compared for efficacy and damage to the dune sedge plants ( Table 1 ). The preemergent
marked advertisement solely to indicate this fact. Thanks go to Max Recycling for donating the tire mulch.
Natural (hay, wood chips, recycled paper pulp) and synthetic (polypropylene film and polyester fabric) mulches were compared with mechanical tillage and residual herbicides as orchard groundcover management systems (GMSS). In two New York orchards-the Clarke farm and Hudson Valley Lab (HVL—GMSS were applied from 1990 to 1993 in 1.8-m-wide strips under newly planted apple (Malus domestica; `Liberty', `Empire', `Freedom', and advanced numbered selections from the disease-resistant apple breeding program at Geneva, N.Y.) trees. GMS impacts on soil fertility, tree nutrition and growth, yields, crop value, and vole (Microtus spp.) populations were evaluated. After 3 years at the Clarke orchard, extractable NO3, Mn, Fe, B, and Zn concentrations were greater in soil with herbicides than synthetic mulches; soil K and P concentrations were greater with herbicides and wood chips than synthetic mulches. At the HVL orchard, topsoil NO3, K, and Mg concentrations were greater with hay mulch than herbicides or other mulches; Mg, Fe, and B concentrations were lower in soil with wood chips than other GMSs. Soil organic matter content was not affected by GMS. Apple leaf N, K, Cu, and Zn concentrations were greater with herbicides, hay mulch, and polypropylene mulch than cultivation or recycled paper mulch at the HVL orchard during hot, dry Summer 1991. Despite transient differences among GMSS during the initial years, after 4 years of treatments there were no consistent GMS trends in cumulative tree growth or gross yields. The higher establishment and maintenance costs of several mulches were offset by their prolonged efficacy over successive years; crop market values from 1992 to 1994 were considerably greater for trees with polypropylene film, polyester fabric, and hay mulches than herbicides, cultivation, or other mulches. Voles caused more serious damage to trees in synthetic and hay mulches, despite the use of mesh trunk guards and rodenticide bait.
. Similarly, Bartley et al. (2017) reported 90% to 100% control for more than 3 months with three different wood-derived mulches. Weed discs, plastic bags ( Chong, 2003 ), rice ( Oryza sativa ) hulls ( Altland et al., 2016 ), pelletized shredded newspaper
A 2-year field study in Lexington, Ky., evaluated weed control efficacy and influence on yields of several organic mulches in two organically managed bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) production systems. Five weed control treatments [straw, compost, wood chips, undersown white dutch clover (Trifolium repens) “living mulch,” and the organically approved herbicide corn gluten] were applied to two production systems consisting of peppers planted in double rows in either flat, bare ground or on black polyethylene-covered raised beds. In the first year, treatments were applied at transplanting and no treatment was found to provide acceptable season-long weed control. As a result, bell pepper yields in both production systems were very low due to extensive weed competition. First year failures in weed control required a modification of the experimental protocol in the second year such that treatment application was delayed for 6 weeks, during which time three shallow cultivations were used to reduce early weed pressure and extend the control provided by the mulches. This approach increased the average weed control rating provided by the mulches from 45% in 2003 to 86% in 2004, and resulted in greatly improved yields. In both years, polyethylene-covered raised beds produced higher yields than the flat, bare ground system (8310 lb/acre compared to 1012 lb/acre in 2003 and 42,900 lb/acre compared to 29,700 lb/acre in 2004). In the second year, the polyethylene-covered bed system coupled with mulching in-between beds with compost or wood chips provided excellent weed control and yields. When using the wood chip mulch, which was obtained at no cost, net returns were $5587/acre, which is similar to typical returns for conventionally grown peppers in Kentucky. Net returns were substantially decreased when using compost due to the purchase cost. Results from this study indicate that shallow cultivation following transplanting, combined with midseason mulch application, resulted in high yields in an organically managed bell pepper system that were comparable to yields of most varieties grown conventionally in a variety trial conducted on the same farm.
applied above or below the mulch layer. Gilman et al. (1990) concluded from column leaching studies through cypress wood chips that NH 4 -N and NO 3 -N readily leached through this commonly used mulch material. However, as organic mulches decay, they may
wood chip mulch treatments J. Arboriculture 16 275 278 Iles, J.K. Dosmann, M.S. 1999 Effect of organic and mineral mulches on soil properties and growth of Fairview Flame red maple trees J. Arboriculture 25 163 167 Johansson, K. Orlander, G. Nilsson, U
comparison of landscape mulches J. Arboric. 25 88 97 Ferguson, J. Rathinasabapathi, B. Warren, C. 2008 Southern redcedar and southern magnolia wood chip mulches for weed suppression in containerized woody ornamentals HortTechnology 18 266 270 Fraedrich, S