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Common barberry ( Berberis vulgaris L.) is an alternate host for black stem rust of wheat, Puccinia graminis Pers. The shrub provides a means for the pathogen to reproduce after the winter and then spread to new cereal plants in the spring

to be alternate hosts of the fungus Puccinnia graminis Pers., which causes black stem rust (BSR) disease in wheat ( CFIA, 2012 ; USDA, 2002 ). Therefore, the movement of B. thunbergii plants across some state and international borders is

culturing of graminicolous rust fungi has been overcome in the cereal rust system, where inoculation of cool-season cereal crops, including wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.), and oats, is now a routine procedure that has been

Igathinathane et al. (2006) . A disease index (DI) was then derived from the expression I × Ŝ × 100 based on rule for resistance evaluation of wheat to leaf rust ( Puccinia triticina ) ( Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, 2007

and southeast Asia, and its use is increasing in many other parts of the world. Rust disease, incited by the fungus Uromyces vignae , adversely affects production and quality of asparagus bean throughout this region ( Wang, 2004 ) and is an important

working to discover rust resistance in cereals. He had been studying Russian, and in the course of his reading he concluded that the Black Lands of Russia could contain resistant strains of wheat. Fairchild asked him to travel to Russia in 1898 to collect

et al., 2012 ). In a previous formulation, named Milsana ® (Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc.), R . sachalinensis extracts were shown to decrease powdery mildew infection on cucumbers, tomatoes, begonias, and wheat ( Daayf et al., 1995 ; Dik and van

crop-specific fungal infections, mainly wheat rust.” When referring to agrochemicals, the author implies that herbicides are not pesticides (p.151, 161, and many other places). In a section teaching the reader about how plants make food, the author

that while the wheat produced in his homeland was vulnerable to cold dry weather, the hardy, short season grains developed in Tajikistan would be valuable. He suggested they could broaden diversity and provide more hardiness for the difficult Russian

were green ( Fig. 1A, B, D ), whereas some calli from A. canadensis hypocotyls and roots appeared to be rust-colored ( Fig. 1C ). However, the regenerated shoots derived from rust-colored calli were normal and green ( Fig. 1C ). Most calli were firm