Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient for plant growth, but it generally receives less attention than nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in many crop production systems. Many regions of the United States and all of the Canadian provinces remove more K
). Regarding the total amount of mineral nutrients required by plants, potassium is required in the largest amount after nitrogen (N) ( Zörb et al., 2014 ); moreover, it is the largest nutrient required by the fruit ( Lester et al., 2006 ; Mpelasoka et al
Open-field tomato production in Florida occurs on ≈32,000 acres and generates above $630 million in gross sales ( U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2011 ). Potassium is one of the two most-absorbed essential elements for tomato growth and development
on cold tolerance. Similarly, potassium has been shown to have positive ( Webster and Ebdon, 2005 ), negative ( Beattie and Flint, 1973 ), or no ( Cook and Duff, 1976 ; Kelley, 1972 ) influence on the cold tolerance of plants. Potassium is thought to
clearcut ( Pond et al., 2006 ). Two common fertilizer supplements to commercial orchards are nitrogen (N) and potassium (K). The lower and upper foliage sufficiency concentrations for these vary from 2.3% to 4.0% depending on the extension service
alleviated by the discovery of potassium chlorate (KClO 3 ) to induce off-season flowers and fruits worldwide ( Choo, 2000 ; Manochai et al., 2005 ; Nagao and Ho-a, 2000 ; Sabhadrabandhu and Yapwattanaphun, 2001 ; Yen et al., 2001 ). Application of KClO 3
the southern Atlantic coastal plain, nutrient deficiencies are common and corrective or prophylactic fertilization may be needed ( Gilman, 1987 ; Gilman et al., 2000 ). Palms (Arecaceae) in particular, which have high potassium, magnesium, and
., 2016 ). In this context, foliar Si applications increased the mortality of tobacco whitefly nymphs on cucumber ( Cucumis sativus ) ( Correa et al., 2005 ). Soil fertilization with calcium (Ca) or potassium silicate favored resistance to arthropods in
root and stolon development ( Pettit and Fagan, 1974 ). Potassium is second only to N in the amounts required to sustain turfgrass quality and growth. Various studies have focused on the importance of adequate K fertilization to maintain turfgrass
soil phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations in plots mulched with organic mulches or none, but we are unaware of any studies documenting the effects of above versus below mulch applications of fertilizers on soil nutrient