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loss, specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf wax content (LWC), as well as root length. Materials and Methods Plant material and growth conditions. Sods of zoysiagrass (cv. Diomand) and kentucky bluegrass (cv. Excursion II) were obtained from the research
immediate effect in reducing transpirational water loss, restricted leaf expansion minimizes plant water use by limiting increases in transpirational area. In addition to these functions in leaves, ABA plays an important regulatory role in root systems. Root
resulting from reduced meristem activity and/or insufficient turgor pressure for cell expansion ( Lambers et al., 2008 ; van Volkenburgh, 1999 ). Although this may lower whole plant water loss by limiting evaporative surface area, it may also reduce whole
drought-sensitive physiological processes due to the reduction in turgor pressure ( Cosgrove, 2000 ). Carr (2013) stated that leaf production virtually ceased at leaf water potentials more negative than −2.0 MPa in passionfruit ( Passiflora edulis
producing smaller leaves to lower water loss through transpiration from plants ( Nemali et al., 2015 ; Tardieu et al., 2014 ) and abscission of older leaves. A lower leaf area can reduce photosynthesis on the whole-plant scale and overall carbon gain in
by plants that have passed the leaf water potential at turgor loss point. Leaf turgor loss point has been used to quantify plant drought tolerance levels ( Bartlett et al., 2012 ), whereas visual assessment of wilting is commonly used as a measure of
, especially nitrogen, and for pest and disease control ( Luo et al., 1993 ). However, vegetables, especially leaf vegetables, grown in hydroponics can accumulate high levels of nitrate and other harmful substances; e.g., oxalic acid ( Chen et al., 2014
sensitivity of Pelargonium hortorum cuttings to ethylene and reduced the degradation of chlorophyll and leaf senescence after shipping ( Rapaka et al., 2008 ). Pelargonium cuttings maintained higher carbohydrates at 10 than 20 °C, which may contribute to
quality losses whenever fruit crops are afflicted with physiological disorders ( Watkins, 2007 ). The objective of this study was to elucidate the symptomatological, morphoanatomical, and osmotic characteristics of berry shrivel. Dissecting such features
, glucopyranose units ranging in number from 305 to 15,300 ( Fengel and Wegener, 2003 ) are polymerized to form cellulose chains. This biopolymer imparts tensile strength to the wall to resist turgor pressure and to allow for growth habit. Lignins also impart