interest in urban soils is derived from the fact that 75% of the U.S. population lives in urban areas where individuals can potentially affect C sequestration in their home landscape ( United States Census Bureau, 2010 ). Lawn grasses are the predominant
those lawns receive some sort of supplemental fertilizer applications ( Wheeler et al. 2017 ). Incorporating legumes into turfgrass fell out of practice because the dark-green, weed-free monoculture lawn became a symbol of class status and because
Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.) mixed with PRG ( Lolium perenne L.) is a common seed mixture for lawn establishment. Seed mixes capitalize on the beneficial aspects of each turfgrass species such as differences in disease/insect resistance
survival, which can have significant societal consequences, including an increased vulnerability of global agricultural output ( Gallai et al., 2009 ). Significant expanses of managed turfgrasses, such as roadsides, cemeteries, and lawns, represent areas of
to senesce) ( Hessayon, 1996 ). More than 16 million hectares of managed turfgrass are cultivated in the United States and represent lawns, golf courses, parks, roadsides, cemeteries, and athletic playing fields ( Milesi et al., 2005 ). Both temperate
Turf lawns are estimated to cover roughly 2% of the continental United States ( Milesi et al., 2005 ), mostly in highly urban areas. Although management of lawns varies by function and individual manager, it is typically characterized by three
In past surveys, lawn care and landscape maintenance professionals have reported their willingness to adopt Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies and use nonchemical pest management alternatives ( Braman et al., 1998a ; Garber and Bondari
and Kiefer, 2010 ; Kenney et al., 2004 ). For instance, The Southwest Florida Water Management District (2018 ) uses year-round conservation measures in which lawn watering is limited to no more than twice per week. In contrast, the City of Santa Fe
is estimated that 40% to 60% of residential water use in the United States is applied for irrigating landscapes, which are typically composed primarily of turfgrass ( White et al., 2004 ). In Texas, lawn and landscape use of municipal water is
been well reviewed ( Goddard et al., 2010 ; McKinney, 2002 ), and will become increasingly important as 68% of the world’s population is projected to live in cities by 2050 ( United Nations, 2018 ). Turf lawns are one of the dominant green spaces in