of artificial pollination and pollen storage protocols. Germination tests have generally been considered to be the best in vitro indicator of pollen usefulness ( Galleta, 1983 ). The in vitro germination test assesses the viability of a pollen sample
associated with overcoming dormancy. This hormone was used in successful in vitro germination ( Şan et al., 2014 ) and embryo rescue ( Kukharchyk and Kastrickaya, 2006 ) media in Prunus and could be an essential component to successful germination of
). In jatropha, in vitro seed cryopreservation protocols have been developed, but some problems related to this procedure have been reported, such as decrease in seed germination percentage ( Salomão et al., 2016 ), low development of explants in vitro
incompatibility. A better and faster method to germinate seeds of mountain laurel hybrids is needed to speed up breeding of new cultivars. In vitro culture is the cultivation of plant tissues or organs under aseptic conditions in an artificial medium of known
produce low or no germination, in vitro techniques may greatly enhance germination and growth rates by optimizing culture conditions and media ( Fay, 1992 ). The embryo rescue technique has been used for over 50 years to accelerate the maturation of
) used colchicine [50 to 250 μM; 0.002% to 0.01% (w/v)] to induce polyploids in pulse-treated hypocotyls of in vitro-germinated Watsonia lepida N.E.Br with a maximum success rate of 3%. The genus Watsonia Mill. (Iridaceae) comprises 52 southern
-promoting substances, and watering frequencies on seed germination and seedling growth of A. ferox ; and 2) to assess the applicability of an in vitro propagation protocol developed for other Aloe spp. Materials and Methods Seed collection. Dried seeds of A. ferox
seeds in some species such as Arabidopsis, caper, and hazelnut ( Aygun et al., 2009 ; Debeaujon and Koornneef, 2000 ; Soyler and Khawar, 2007 ). Additionally, to overcome seed dormancy, in vitro germination was also successfully used in strawberry
in nature and low GPs of 0% to 25% (traditional) and 60% to 70% (in vitro) ( Cristiano et al., 2016 ). Studies have investigated the optimization of germination conditions for bitter aloe ( Aloe ferox ) and krantz aloe in petri dishes without
Abstract
Avocado pollen was germinated in vitro without recourse to germination on the style. The technique employed involved inclusion of pollen grains in liquid medium of 15% sucrose and minerals and application of 1 or 2 drops on 1% agar plus 15% sucrose and minerals. No germination was obtained on agar plus sucrose without placement of pollen in liquid first. Of the cultivars tested, ‘Ettinger’ and ‘Nabal’ pollen germinated best, and ‘Fuerte’ was the poorest. The optimum temperature for germination was 25° to 27°C. Addition of Ca to the liquid proved beneficial.