effect of microbubbles on the growth of leaf lettuce in a deep flow technique (DFT) hydroponics culture system. To understand the effects of microbubbles on plant growth, we compared lettuce treated with macrobubbles generated by aquarium aeration stones
trending topic among online communities, which are significant drivers for this growing market segment ( Garden Media Group, 2019 ; Thij et al., 2016 ). As of Nov. 2019, indoor gardening subreddits such as r/UrbanFarming, r/Hydroponics, and r
greenhouse industry is shifting away from solely producing herbaceous ornamental crops and integrating or replacing these crops with vegetables and herbs. For this reason, hydroponics and other systems using recirculated nutrient solution have become an
hydroponic conditions ( Souret and Weathers, 2000 ), to increase overall production and produce saffron out of its natural season. Souret and Weathers (2000 ) suggested that both aeroponics and hydroponics could be used for growing saffron corms as a
-end-rot (BER), are not uncommon in hydroponics ( Heuvelink, 2018 ; Nederhoff, 1999 ; Peet, 2009 ). To ensure maximum yields and high-quality fruit, commercial growers typically adjust the nutrient solution depending on environmental conditions and plant
and ecology, it becomes clear that systems of crop production that eliminate soil from the system, such as hydroponics or aeroponics, cannot be considered as examples of acceptable organic farming practices” ( USDA, 2010 ). The implication is that
; General Hydroponics, Santa Rosa, CA) provided continuous aeration. Bamboo stakes (40 cm tall) were used to provide physical support for the plants, which were secured as needed with twist ties. Plants were grown for 8 weeks inside two walk-in growth
Aquaponics is a food production system that combines hydroponics and aquaculture into a single growing system. In this integrated system, plants remove dissolved nutrients from fish culture and use them for growth. The water circulates back to the
( Kozai, 2007 ). Thus, unless the factories are designed to be more energy-efficient, their products are unlikely to become competitive in price. The production cost is always a concern for a plant factory operation. Hydroponics is a plant cultivation
Aquaponics is a food production technology that combines aquaculture and hydroponics in an integrated recirculating system without soil ( Rakocy et al., 2006 ). The aquaponics ecosystem is composed by fish, bacteria, and plants ( Somerville et al