application rates for use in field-grown tree liner production. In response to an onset of pest infestations, liner spray applicators must make calculated decisions within a very narrow time window on how much pesticide and spray volume will be needed for
, branches develop, fruit form, and crops are harvested. Each phenophase has variable intra and interseasonal canopy development that requires variable-rate pesticide applications for maximal application efficiency ( Chen et al., 2013a ; Gil and Escolà , 2009
-ground production system ( Westerveld et al., 2003 ). However, research conducted in Florida using plasticulture systems have shown increased yields with N application rates more than 357 lb/acre N for high-population (31,376 plants/acre) plantings ( Barrett et al
nursery leachate and runoff. Consequently, when optimal fertilizer application rates are used, crops will perform at their best and environmental impacts will be minimized ( Cabrera, 2003 ). Controlled-release fertilizers have become the principal method
et al., 2014 ). As a result, a regulatory framework usually relies on uniform requirements applied across locations and periods. This study discusses the choice of nitrogen fertilizer application rate recommendation as a part of Florida’s uniform
maps for future site-specific applications of agrochemicals. Real-time SSM generally does not need GPS data because decisions about agrochemical rates and crop target are made on the spot at the time of the measurement. Prescription map SSM needs GPS
because trees are generally devoid of branches within 1 m of ground level ( Hong et al., 2018 ), application inefficiencies caused by overapplication and off-target application are compounded in nurseries. For example, even at a reduced rate of 700 L⋅ha −1
Boyhan 2017 ). However, growers in the region have been able to achieve similar yields with reduced fertilizer N rates through the careful timing of applications (Tyson C, personal communication). Research conducted in Georgia during in the 2020–21 onion
availability with different P application rates, 2) establishing STP critical level, and 3) calibrating the P requirement for tomato production on a calcareous soil. Materials and Methods A 2-year field trial, during Winter 2014 (29 Oct. 2014–24 Mar. 2015) and
common despite some modern pesticide labels recommending lower spray volume application rates ( Darde et al., 2019 ; Lordan et al., 2019 ; Walklate et al., 2003 ). Moreover, in crops where there are dense canopies or multirow production blocks, such as