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using a microscope. Pathogen control (Salinas only) . To evaluate fumigant efficacy for P. ultimum and verticillium wilt ( Verticillium dahliae ), two bags (Forestry Suppliers) per plot containing P. ultimum inoculum and V. dahliae inoculum were
. These included airborne defoliating fungal diseases and verticillium wilt of olives ( Rallo et al., 2013 ). Tests for evaluating resistance to peacock spot ( Fusicladium oleaginum ), cercosporiosis ( Pseudocercospora cladosporioides ), and anthracnose
watered with a sprinkler canister daily and fertilized once at the 10-leaf stage with 5N–4.4P–8.3K fertilizer. Plants were monitored for symptoms of Verticillium wilt every 7 d. Verticillium wilt is caused by a soil-borne fungus, Verticillium dahliae . It
Pistachio (Pistacia vera) was successfully introduced into California and initially touted as a tree nut crop with no disease or insect pests. Unfortunately, these expectations were dashed as a number of diseases and pests followed commercial plantings, making plant protection practices integral to production. Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae) devastated early plantings but is now controlled with the use of resistant rootstocks. Botryosphaeria blight (Botryosphaeria dothidea) and alternaria late blight (Alternaria alternata) are recently arrived foliar fungal diseases that blight fruit clusters and defoliate trees, respectively, and multiple fungicide applications are needed for control. The conversion to low volume irrigation systems, specifically to drip or buried drip, has reduced disease. Pruning out botryosphaeria blight infections has reduced overwintering inoculum and disease, while current research aims at accurately predicting infection events to increase fungicide efficacy. A number of hemipteran insect pests have been associated with epicarp lesion: spring treatments have been replaced with dormant carbaryl and oil applications which are less toxic to beneficial insects while controlling phytocoris (Phytocoris californicus and P. relativus) and soft scale pests. Early season insect damage can be tolerated because trees compensate by maturing a higher percentage of remaining fruit kernels. Some mirid (Calocoris spp.) pests can be effectively reduced by eliminating alternate hosts in an effective weed control program. If lygus (Lygus hesperus) populations are present, weeds should not be disturbed from bloom until shell hardening to prevent movement by insects into the trees where feeding can result in epicarp lesion. Stink bugs (Pentatomidae) and leaffooted bugs (Leptoglossus clypealis and L. occidentalis) can penetrate the hardened shell and cause internal nut necrosis along with epicarp lesion. Trap crops are used to monitor pest populations in order to develop treatment thresholds. Degree-day based timing of treatments increase insecticide efficacy for the control of navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella) and obliquebanded leafroller (Choristonuera rosaceana), but navel orangeworm populations are more effectively managed by destroying unharvested over wintering fruit. Bacillus thuriengiensis sprays, liquid-lime-sulfur, and biological control show promise in controlling obliquebanded leafroller.
, grafting watermelon offers utility for resistance to fusarium wilt or verticillium wilt ( Verticillium dahliae ), two diseases incited by soilborne pathogens ( Guan et al., 2012 ; Keinath and Hassell, 2013 ; Kleinhenz, 2015 ). Two economic analyses
resistance to fusarium wilt ( Fusarium oxysporum ) races 1 and 2, verticillium ( Verticillium albo-atrum ), and tolerance to nematodes ( Meloidogyne sp.). ‘Fletcher 0377’ has resistance to verticillium, nematodes, and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV
-sudangrass, with a greater increase in large tubers. Cover crops that have been found to provide soil disease suppression of verticillium wilt ( Verticillium dahliae ) of potato include barley, corn ( Zea mays ), rape ( Brassica rapa ), oat, ryegrass, sudangrass
high tunnel growers in the region and confers resistance to fusarium wilt, verticillium wilt (race 1), and RKNs. ‘Cherokee Purple’ is a commonly grown indeterminate heirloom cultivar with no known resistance to soilborne pathogens. ‘Maxifort’ (De Ruiter
higher nitrogen uptake efficiency ( Errebhi et al., 1999 , 1998 ), late blight resistance ( Colon and Budding, 1988 ), salinity tolerance ( Bilski et al., 1988 ), resistance to verticillium wilt [ Verticillium dahlia ( Lynch et al., 1997 ; Uribe et al
Illinois Southern Illinois University Press Carbondale, IL Mueller, J.P. Percich, J.A. Mitchell, J.E. 1982 Root deterioration associated with verticillium wilt of horseradish Plant Dis. 66 410 414 10.1094/PD-66-410 Olsen, M.W. Young, D.J. 1998 Plant disease