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The chemical composition of the lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton) cultivars Blomidon, Cumberland, and Fundy were examined at three stages of fruit maturity, before and after refrigerated storage, in a 2-year study. There were differences (P< 0.001) related to maturity and cultivar in berry fresh weight, percentage dry matter, fruit firmness, percentage soluble solids, titratable acidity, and the concentration of sugar, acids, and anthocyanins. Among the nine organic and phenolic acids measured, seven acids varied among the maturity groups and eight varied among the cultivars. Between the 2 years of study there was a 60% difference in total fruit acid content as well as in the relative amounts of each acid. The 2-year mean profile of lowbush blueberry acids was distinctly different from that recently reported for highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and rabbiteye blueberries (Vaccinium ashei Reade). The level of certain acids as well as the concentration of anthocyanins increased during cold storage. Estimation of sugar concentration by percentage soluble solids overestimated sugar concentration by 3070. Acid measurement by titration underestimated acid content as measured by HPLC by 61%. Results of this study illustrate the variation in the chemical composition of lowbush blueberry fruit among cultivars, maturities, and seasons, and can be used to compare lowbush blueberries with other Vaccinium species.
Field and laboratory experiments were conducted during the summers of 2001 and 2002 in two locations in Nova Scotia to identify the effect of cultivar, transplanting date, and drying (air-drying and freeze-drying) on basil (Ocimum basilicum `Mesten' and `Italian Broadleaf', and O. sanctum `Local') productivity and oil quality in Nova Scotia and to identify the potential of growing basil as a cash crop in this region. Results suggested that all of the tested cultivars of basil grown in Nova Scotia had acceptable yields and composition for the international commercial market. Greater yields (ranging from 3.6 to 19.8 t·ha-1) were achieved from `Mesten' and `Italian Broadleaf' by earlier transplanting. `Local' had a lower oil content compared to the other cultivars. Linalool was the main component of `Mesten' oil, linalool and methyl chavicol were the main components of `Italian Broadleaf' oil, while elemene and α-humulene were the main components of `Local' oil. Both air-drying and freeze-drying were found to alter the composition of the essential oil from O. sanctum and O. basilicum.
in early-season temperatures, then crop losses such as that seen in 2012 will become increasingly common. An important strategy to sustain current production, therefore, will be to develop cultivars that are less prone to early bloom. This will in
Native Americans for food, medicinal purposes, tools, fuel, and shelter ( Turner and Hebda, 1990 ; Turner and Turner, 2008 ; Yanovsky, 1936 ). Europeans brought seeds, scionwood, or trees of their local apple cultivars with them to North America during
commercially grown in the middle of 18th century ( Husmann and Dearing, 1916 ). The first large-scale muscadine breeding program was initiated in North Carolina in 1907, and this program later released the first hermaphroditic muscadine cultivars ( Dearing
., 2012 ). Additionally, SSRs have been used to demonstrate that well-known cultivars such as Picual and Arbequina are self-incompatible ( DÃaz et al., 2006b ). As a consequence, paternity testing with SSRs is considered a very useful tool in olive
An international breeding program has an ongoing requirement to reliably identify their cultivars to maintain correct material during propagation and for enforcement of plant breeders’ rights. The sweet cherry breeding program from the Summerland
distribution of A. triloba overlaps with that of some subtropical Asimina species, and introgression may have occurred. From 1900 to 1950, over 50 pawpaw cultivars were selected from the wild and named; however, only two remain: ‘Sweet Alice' and
Board, 2013 ). China has the oldest history of lychee cultivation; the first reference dates back to 200 BCE in Hainain, Guangdong, and Guangxi ( Huang et al., 2005 ). More than 200 cultivars or lines have been identified in China, although only 15 are
. Villalon, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, for supplying some of the pepper cultivars used in this study. The cost of publishing this paper was defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. Under postal regulations, this paper therefore must be