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Abstract
Relationships among blooming and leafing dates of parents, offspring, and the chilling requirements of the intervening seed were determined among a group of families of almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch). Parentoffspring heritabilities for blooming and leafing dates were high. Leafing and blooming dates of individuals and families, although significantly correlated, were more or less independent traits. Seed chilling was a function of both seed and pollen parents and was correlated with mean bloom and leafing of parents. The correlation coefficient between chilling of a seed and the blooming date of the corresponding offspring plant was significant and large when calculated for families and significant, but low, when calculated for individuals. The seed-leafing correlation was significant when the early and late leafing progeny were considered separately.
A new spontaneous mutation of the pear variety Dr. Jules Guyot, named `IGE 2002', was selected from a pear growing area in Catalonia. The clone was established in vitro from a 40-year-old tree, a highly recalcitrant material unable to root by cuttings. An in vitro micropropagation protocol, with an average multiplication rate of 5, a 90% rooting, and an acclimation of 79% of the plantlets, was defined. Self-rooted plants were grown in two experimental stations, covering two distinct fruit growing areas. The main agronomic characteristics of the clone `IGE 2002' were evaluated during six seasons, 1997 to 2002. Blooming and harvest period were at a similar time than `Dr. Jules Guyot'. Soluble solids concentration and acidity are also similar to `Dr. Jules Guyot'. However, at the same harvest time, a lower fruit firmness of `IGE 2002' in comparison to `Dr. Jules Guyot' indicated an advanced ripening. In addition, a finer flesh texture of `IGE 2002' than `Dr. Jules Guyot', distinguished the former from the later variety. Important differences between both plot sites were found on cumulative fruit yield, fruit size, and fruit size distribution, of `IGE2002' grown on its own roots. However, the site did not affect the fruit quality parameters. Superior fruit yields were associated with higher vigor and yield efficiency of the self-rooted variety.
Almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch.) blooming date is determined by the temperatures during the dormancy period, from the onset of endodormancy to just before blooming. In this work we have developed a model, based on several years data, to estimate the mean transition date from endodormancy to ecodormancy in 44 almond cultivars covering the whole range of almond bloom, through the significance of correlation coefficients between the temperatures occurring during dormancy and the date of full bloom. The estimation of this date for each cultivar has allowed the calculation of its chill and heat requirements. It was found that most cultivars have chilling requirements between 400 and 600 chill units, whereas the span of heat requirements was wider, from 5500 to 9300 growing degree hours Celsius. Some cultivars show high chilling requirements and low heat requirements whereas others show opposite requirements. These differences confirm the wide almond adaptability to different climatic conditions and offer the possibility of being utilized in breeding programs. The good fit shown by the application of this model in the prediction of bloom time may sustain its application in chilling and heat requirement estimation in other fruit species if blooming dates and climatic data for several years are available.
were harvested from 2-year-old plants of ‘Zangmei’ mei. Stems were obtained from a young stem tip. We collected new-sprouting young leaves in the spring. Fruit were obtained after 5 weeks of blooming. Organs were collected and immediately stored in
presents a blooming mechanism called synchronous protogynous dichogamy. Its flowers are perfect, and the male and female parts are functional at different times of the day. The avocado genotypes can be classified as blooming types A or B. Type A genotypes
) tightly packed with sphagnum moss. In Expt. 2, blooming P. amabilis were purchased from Taiwan Sugar Corp. (Nantou, Taiwan). The blooming plants were grown in 10.5-cm-diameter pots with sphagnum moss medium and bore a single inflorescence with 12 to 14
States Department of Agriculture Plant Genetic Resources Unit (USDA-PGRU, Geneva, NY, USA), include three trees previously characterized as early-blooming (including two extreme early-blooming) and three characterized as extreme late-blooming according to
these genes may influence dormancy progression and budbreak. In addition, a strong QTL for the CR and blooming date in peach was detected in the region near the EVG locus ( Fan et al., 2010 ). Moreover, the possible involvement of SVP -like genes in
Rootstock influence on bloom date and fruit maturation of `Redhaven' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] was studied over a 3-year period. Rootstock included seedlings (Lovell, Halford, Bailey, and Siberian C) and cuttings (GF677, GF655.2, Damas 1869, and `Redhaven'). Bloom dates of the various combinations differed in all 3 years, with a range of 3.6, 9.1, and 7.3 days in 1988, 1989, and 1990, respectively. Fruit development period differed each year with a range of 3.9, 5.8, and 4.4 days in 1988, 1989, and 1990, respectively. `Weighted-average harvest date also differed with a range of 3.6,2.9, and 5.6 days in 1988, 1989, and 1990, respectively. `Redhaven'/Lovell was the latest blooming and maturing combination in all 3 years of the study.
With crosses between colchicine-induced tetraploid shashanbo (Vaccinium bracteatum section Bracteata) and tetraploid highbush blueberry ‘Spartan’ (Vaccinium corymbosum section Cyanococcus), intersectional hybrids were produced. The hybridity of these plants was confirmed based on DNA markers and morphological characteristics. The morphological characteristics, blooming date, and ripening period of the hybrids were intermediate between those of the parents. Ploidy analyses by flow cytometry and chromosome counting revealed that these hybrids were tetraploid. Four hybrids set fruit in the field and these two hybrids showed high pollen stainability. It was noteworthy that fruit of two hybrids had high soluble solids concentration compared with ‘Spartan’ and the fruit pulp of the hybrids was tinged with red as shashanbo. These hybrids could be useful in breeding new cultivars with high sugar content, abundant phytochemicals, extensive environmental adaptability as well as late flowering and fruit maturity.